Related papers: The Generalized Zeckendorf Game

An equivalent definition of the Fibonacci numbers is that they are the unique sequence such that every integer can be written uniquely as a sum of non-adjacent terms. We can view this as we have bins of length 1, we can take at most one…

Generalized Zeckendorf decompositions are expansions of integers as sums of elements of solutions to recurrence relations. The simplest cases are base-$b$ expansions, and the standard Zeckendorf decomposition uses the Fibonacci sequence.…

Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer has a unique representation as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers. Once this has been shown, it's natural to ask how many summands are needed. Using a continued fraction approach,…

Zeckendorf proved that any integer can be decomposed uniquely as a sum of non-adjacent Fibonacci numbers, $F_n$. Using continued fractions, Lekkerkerker proved the average number of summands of an $m \in [F_n, F_{n+1})$ is essentially…

A positive linear recurrence sequence is of the form $H_{n+1} = c_1 H_n + \cdots + c_L H_{n+1-L}$ with each $c_i \ge 0$ and $c_1 c_L > 0$, with appropriately chosen initial conditions. There is a notion of a legal decomposition (roughly,…

Zeckendorf proved that every positive integer has a unique partition as a sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers. We study the difference between the number of summands in the partition of two consecutive integers. In particular, let…

We study a combinatorial game derived from a problem in the German National Mathematics Competition. In this game, two players take turns removing numbers from a finite set of natural numbers, aiming to satisfy a certain divisibility…

Fibonacci nim is a popular impartial combinatorial game, usually played with a single pile of stones. The game is appealing due to its surprising connections with the Fibonacci numbers and the Zeckendorf representation. In this article, we…

Let $f_1=1,f_2=2$ and $f_i=f_{i-1}+f_{i-2}$ for $i>2$ be the sequence of Fibonacci numbers. Let $\Phi_h(n)$ be the quantity of partitions of natural number $n$ into $h$ different Fibonacci numbers. In terms of Zeckendorf partition of $n$ I…

Prempreesuk, Noppakaew, and Pongsriiam determined the Zeckendorf representation of the multiplicative inverse of $2$ modulo $F_n$, for every positive integer $n$ not divisible by $3$, where $F_n$ denotes the $n$th Fibonacci number. We…

We study $B(n;k)$, the number of ways of writing $n$ as a sum or difference of the first $k$ Fibonacci numbers. We show that $B(0;k)$ satisfies the Tribonacci-like recurrence $B(0;k+1)=B(0;k)+B(0;k-1)+B(0;k-2)$ and that $B(n;k)$ satisfies a…

It is well known that every positive integer can be expressed as a sum of nonconsecutive Fibonacci numbers provided the Fibonacci numbers satisfy $F_n =F_{n-1}+F_{n-2}$ for $n\geq 3$, $F_1 =1$ and $F_2 =2$. In this paper, for any…

We consider the permutation analogue of Penney's game for words. Two players, in order, each choose a permutation of length $k\ge3$; then a sequence of independent random values from a continuous distribution is generated, until the…

Let $ k \geq 2 $ be an integer. The $ k- $generalized Fibonacci sequence is a sequence defined by the recurrence relation $ F_{n}^{(k)}=F_{n-1}^{(k)} + \cdots + F_{n-k}^{(k)}$ for all $ n \geq 2$ with the initial values $ F_{i}^{(k)}=0 $…

A finite subset of the natural numbers is weak-Schreier if $\min S \ge |S|$, strong-Schreier if $\min S>|S|$, and maximal if $\min S = |S|$. Let $M_n$ be the number of weak-Schreier sets with $n$ being the largest element and $(F_n)_{n\geq…

This paper concerns two-player alternating play combinatorial games (Conway 1976) in the normal-play convention, i.e. last move wins. Specifically, we study impartial vector subtraction games on tuples of nonnegative integers (Golomb 1966),…

For each positive integer $n$, the Fibonacci-sum graph $G_n$ on vertices $1,2,\ldots,n$ is defined by two vertices forming an edge if and only if they sum to a Fibonacci number. It is known that each $G_n$ is bipartite, and all Hamiltonian…

Zeckendorf's Theorem says that for all $k \geq 3$, every nonnegative integer has a unique $k$-Zeckendorf representation as a sum of distinct $k$-bonacci numbers, where no $k$ consecutive $k$-bonacci numbers are present in the…

We study growth rates of generalised Fibonacci sequences of a particular structure. These sequences are constructed from choosing two real numbers for the first two terms and always having the next term be either the sum or the difference…

We start with the well-known game below: Two players hold a sheet of paper to their forehead on which a positive integer is written. The numbers are consecutive and each player can only see the number of the other one. In each time step,…