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We investigate the ability of a genetic algorithm to design cellular automata that perform computations. The computational strategies of the resulting cellular automata can be understood using a framework in which ``particles'' embedded in…

Reactions forming a pathway can be rewritten by making explicit the different molecular components involved in them. A molecular component represents a biological entity (e.g. a protein) in all its states (free, bound, degraded, etc.). In…

Self-assembly materials are traditionally designed so that molecular or meso-scale components form a single kind of large structure. Here, we propose a scheme to create "multifarious assembly mixtures", which self-assemble many different…

According to cognitive psychology and related disciplines, the development of complex problem-solving behaviour in biological agents depends on hierarchical cognitive mechanisms. Hierarchical reinforcement learning is a promising…

While several paths have emerged in microelectronics and computing as follow-ons to Turing architectures, and have been implemented using essentially silicon circuits, very little beyond Moore research has considered: (1) first biological…

Camouflaged objects are generally difficult to be detected in their natural environment even for human beings. In this paper, we propose a novel bio-inspired network, named the MirrorNet, that leverages both instance segmentation and mirror…

Nature provides us with abundant examples of how large numbers of individuals can make decisions without the coordination of a central authority. Social insects, birds, fishes, and many other living collectives, rely on simple interaction…

This paper reviews machine learning applications and approaches to detection, classification and control of intelligent materials and structures with embedded distributed computation elements. The purpose of this survey is to identify…

This paper introduces the concept of coexistence for embodied artificial agents and argues that it is a prerequisite for long-term, in-the-wild interaction with humans. Contemporary embodied artificial agents excel in static, predefined…

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of brain organoid computing, its characteristics, challenges, as well as possible advantages for future applications in the field of artificial intelligence. An important part is the extensive…

The design of intelligent materials often draws parallels with the complex adaptive behaviors of biological organisms, where robust functionality stems from sophisticated hierarchical organization and emergent long-distance coordination…

Artificial organisms are computer programs that self-replicate, mutate, compete and evolve. How do these lifelike information-processing behaviours could arise in diverse far-from-equilibrium physical systems remains an open question. Here,…

Multi-component molecular machines are ubiquitous in biology. We review recent progress on describing their thermodynamic properties using autonomous bipartite Markovian dynamics. The first and second laws can be split into local versions…

While the rapid development of facial recognition algorithms has enabled numerous beneficial applications, their widespread deployment has raised significant concerns about the risks of mass surveillance and threats to individual privacy.…

In the context of collaborative AI research and development projects, it would be ideal to have self-contained encapsulated algorithms that can be easily shared between different parties, executed and validated on data at different sites,…

Today's distributed and pervasive computing addresses large-scale cyber-physical ecosystems, characterised by dense and large networks of devices capable of computation, communication and interaction with the environment and people. While…

This paper presents a powerful automated framework for making complex systems resilient under failures, by optimized adaptive distribution and replication of interdependent software components across heterogeneous hardware components with…

Researchers in the field of biocomputing have, for many years, successfully "harvested and exploited" the natural world for inspiration in developing systems that are robust, adaptable and capable of generating novel and even "creative"…

Biological systems, unlike physical or chemical systems, are characterized by the very inhomogeneous distribution of their components. The immune system, in particular, is notable for self-organizing its structure. Classically, the dynamics…

Systems integration is a difficult matter particularly when its components are varied. The problem becomes even more difficult when such components are heterogeneous such as humans, robots and software systems. Currently, the humans are…