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Efficient online decision-making in contextual bandits is challenging, as methods without informative priors often suffer from computational or statistical inefficiencies. In this work, we leverage pre-trained diffusion models as expressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Imad Aouali

This work explores the idea of a causal contextual multi-armed bandit approach to automated marketing, where we estimate and optimize the causal (incremental) effects. Focusing on causal effect leads to better return on investment (ROI) by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Neela Sawant , Chitti Babu Namballa , Narayanan Sadagopan , Houssam Nassif

We study the problem of off-policy evaluation in the multi-armed bandit model with bounded rewards, and develop minimax rate-optimal procedures under three settings. First, when the behavior policy is known, we show that the Switch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-20 Cong Ma , Banghua Zhu , Jiantao Jiao , Martin J. Wainwright

The Off-Policy Evaluation (OPE) problem consists of evaluating the performance of counterfactual policies with data collected by another one. To solve the OPE problem, we resort to estimators, which aim to estimate in the most accurate way…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Nicolò Felicioni , Michael Benigni , Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema

We address the problem of conformal selection, where an agent must select a minimal subset of options to ensure that at least one ``success'' is identified with a pre-specified target probability $\phi$. While traditional online conformal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sreenivas Gollapudi , Kostas Kollias , Kamesh Munagala , Ali Sinop

This work explores adaptations of successful multi-armed bandits policies to the online contextual bandits scenario with binary rewards using binary classification algorithms such as logistic regression as black-box oracles. Some of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 David Cortes

Information-directed sampling (IDS) has recently demonstrated its potential as a data-efficient reinforcement learning algorithm. However, it is still unclear what is the right form of information ratio to optimize when contextual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Botao Hao , Tor Lattimore , Chao Qin

We consider a special case of bandit problems, namely batched bandits. Motivated by natural restrictions of recommender systems and e-commerce platforms, we assume that a learning agent observes responses batched in groups over a certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Danil Provodin , Pratik Gajane , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Maurits Kaptein

Multi-armed bandit algorithms have become a reference solution for handling the explore/exploit dilemma in recommender systems, and many other important real-world problems, such as display advertisement. However, such algorithms usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Qingyun Wu , Naveen Iyer , Hongning Wang

A key goal in stochastic contextual linear bandits is to efficiently learn a near-optimal policy. Prior algorithms for this problem learn a policy by strategically sampling actions but naively (passively) sampling contexts from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Emma Brunskill , Ishani Karmarkar , Zhaoqi Li

We create a computationally tractable algorithm for contextual bandits with continuous actions having unknown structure. Our reduction-style algorithm composes with most supervised learning representations. We prove that it works in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Maryam Majzoubi , Chicheng Zhang , Rajan Chari , Akshay Krishnamurthy , John Langford , Aleksandrs Slivkins

In the stochastic linear contextual bandit setting there exist several minimax procedures for exploration with policies that are reactive to the data being acquired. In practice, there can be a significant engineering overhead to deploy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Andrea Zanette , Kefan Dong , Jonathan Lee , Emma Brunskill

In many bandit problems, the maximal reward achievable by a policy is often unknown in advance. We consider the problem of estimating the optimal policy value in the sublinear data regime before the optimal policy is even learnable. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jonathan N. Lee , Weihao Kong , Aldo Pacchiano , Vidya Muthukumar , Emma Brunskill

Adversarial attacks on stochastic bandits have traditionally relied on some unrealistic assumptions, such as per-round reward manipulation and unbounded perturbations, limiting their relevance to real-world systems. We propose a more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Qirun Zeng , Eric He , Richard Hoffmann , Xuchuang Wang , Jinhang Zuo

Understanding a decision-maker's priorities by observing their behavior is critical for transparency and accountability in decision processes, such as in healthcare. Though conventional approaches to policy learning almost invariably assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Alihan Hüyük , Daniel Jarrett , Mihaela van der Schaar

Evaluating novel contextual bandit policies using logged data is crucial in applications where exploration is costly, such as medicine. But it usually relies on the assumption of no unobserved confounders, which is bound to fail in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-07 Andrew Bennett , Nathan Kallus

We present online boosting algorithms for multiclass classification with bandit feedback, where the learner only receives feedback about the correctness of its prediction. We propose an unbiased estimate of the loss using a randomized…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-26 Daniel T. Zhang , Young Hun Jung , Ambuj Tewari

We design and implement an adaptive experiment (a ``contextual bandit'') to learn a targeted treatment assignment policy, where the goal is to use a participant's survey responses to determine which charity to expose them to in a donation…

Off-policy learning is a framework for optimizing policies without deploying them, using data collected by another policy. In recommender systems, this is especially challenging due to the imbalance in logged data: some items are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Matej Cief , Branislav Kveton , Michal Kompan

Multifidelity approximation is an important technique in scientific computation and simulation. In this paper, we introduce a bandit-learning approach for leveraging data of varying fidelities to achieve precise estimates of the parameters…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-22 Yiming Xu , Vahid Keshavarzzadeh , Robert M. Kirby , Akil Narayan