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Temporal offsets between the time series of solar activity indicators provide important clues regarding the physical processes responsible for the cyclic variability in the solar atmosphere. Hysteresis patterns generated between any two…
Our understanding of planetary systems different to our own has grown dramatically in the past 30 years. However, our efforts to ascertain the degree to which the Solar system is abnormal or unique have been hindered by the observational…
Sunspots have been known in the West since Galileo Galilei and Thomas Harriot first used telescopes to observe the Sun nearly four centuries ago; they have been known to the Chinese for more than two thousand years. They appear as…
We discuss recent observational, theoretical and modeling progress made in understanding the Sun's internal dynamics, including its rotation, meridional flow, convection and overshoot. Over the past few decades, substantial theoretical and…
The revision of the photospheric abundances proferred by Asplund et al has rendered opacity theory inconsistent with the seismologically determined opacity through the Sun. This highlights the need for a direct seismological measurement of…
Although the energetic phenomena of the Sun (flares, coronal mass injections etc.) exhibit intermittent stochastic behavior in their rate of occurrence, they are well correlated to the variations of the solar cycle. In this work we study…
We examine contributions of second order physical processes to results of stellar evolution calculations amenable to direct observational testing. In the first paper in the series (Young et al. 2001) we established baseline results using…
Solar flares are energetic events taking place in the Sun's atmosphere, and their effects can greatly impact the environment of the surrounding planets. In particular, eruptive flares, as opposed to confined flares, launch coronal mass…
Recent studies of radioisotopes in tree rings or ice cores suggest that extreme space weather events occurred in the pre-telescope age. Observational records of naked-eye sunspots and low-latitude auroras in historical documents in…
Observations of the Sun and of Sun-like stars provide access to different aspects of stellar magnetic activity that, when combined, help us piece together a more comprehensive picture than can be achieved from only the solar or the stellar…
Mass concentrations of birds, or lack of such, is a phenomenon of great ecological and domestic significance. Apart from being and indicator for e.g. food availability, ecological change and population size, it is also a source of conflict…
The Nabateans built several monuments in Petra and elsewhere displaying a decoration with a preference for astronomical motifs, possibly as a reflection of their religion. However, due to the lack of direct written accounts and the scarcity…
Observations of the Sun and solar-type stars continue to reveal phenomena whose understanding is very likely to require a nonlinear framework. Here we shall concentrate on two such phenomena, namely the grand minima type behaviour observed…
The B\"o\"ogg is a large model of a snowman, constructed of inflammable materials and filled with explosives. During the traditional festival of Sechsel\"auten, which takes place each spring in Zurich, Switzerland, the B\"o\"ogg is placed…
For more than 140 years the chemical composition of our Sun has been considered typical of solar-type stars. Our highly differential elemental abundance analysis of unprecedented accuracy (~0.01 dex) of the Sun relative to solar twins,…
How does the climatic experience of previous generations affect today's attention to environmental questions? Using self-reported beliefs and environmental themes in folklore, we show empirically that the realized intensity of deviations…
As urban areas grapple with unprecedented challenges stemming from population growth and climate change, the emergence of urban digital twins offers a promising solution. This paper presents a case study focusing on Sydney's urban digital…
Quantitative forecasting of average rainfall into the next season remains highly challenging, but in some favourable isolated cases may be possible with a series of relatively simple steps. We chose to explore predictions of austral…
Joint evaluation of different meteor observation types support the better understanding of both the meteor phenomenon and the terrestrial atmosphere. Two types of examples are presented in this work, linking ionospheric effects to specific…
We present high spatial and high temporal resolution observations of the quiet Sun in H-alpha obtained with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope on La Palma. We observe that many mottles, jet-like features in the quiet Sun, display clear up- and…