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Classical optimisation theory guarantees monotonic objective decrease for gradient descent (GD) when employed in a small step size, or ``stable", regime. In contrast, gradient descent on neural networks is frequently performed in a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Lachlan Ewen MacDonald , Hancheng Min , Leandro Palma , Salma Tarmoun , Ziqing Xu , René Vidal

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm is the algorithm we use to train neural networks. However, it remains poorly understood how the SGD navigates the highly nonlinear and degenerate loss landscape of a neural network. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Liu Ziyin , Hongchao Li , Masahito Ueda

Graph Drawing techniques have been developed in the last few years with the purpose of producing aesthetically pleasing node-link layouts. Recently, the employment of differentiable loss functions has paved the road to the massive usage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Matteo Tiezzi , Gabriele Ciravegna , Marco Gori

A number of results have recently demonstrated the benefits of incorporating various constraints when training deep architectures in vision and machine learning. The advantages range from guarantees for statistical generalization to better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Sathya N. Ravi , Tuan Dinh , Vishnu Lokhande , Vikas Singh

It is believed that Gradient Descent (GD) induces an implicit bias towards good generalization in training machine learning models. This paper provides a fine-grained analysis of the dynamics of GD for the matrix sensing problem, whose goal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Jikai Jin , Zhiyuan Li , Kaifeng Lyu , Simon S. Du , Jason D. Lee

The optimization foundations of deep linear networks have recently received significant attention. However, due to their inherent non-convexity and hierarchical structure, analyzing the loss functions of deep linear networks remains a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Po Chen , Rujun Jiang , Peng Wang

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is the central workhorse for training modern CNNs. Although giving impressive empirical performance it can be slow to converge. In this paper we explore a novel strategy for training a CNN using an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-15 Chen Huang , Chen Kong , Simon Lucey

In deep learning, it is common to use more network parameters than training points. In such scenarioof over-parameterization, there are usually multiple networks that achieve zero training error so that thetraining algorithm induces an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Hung-Hsu Chou , Carsten Gieshoff , Johannes Maly , Holger Rauhut

Stochastic gradient algorithms are the main focus of large-scale optimization problems and led to important successes in the recent advancement of the deep learning algorithms. The convergence of SGD depends on the careful choice of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Caglar Gulcehre , Jose Sotelo , Marcin Moczulski , Yoshua Bengio

We present a first-order method for solving constrained optimization problems. The method is derived from our previous work, a modified search direction method inspired by singular value decomposition. In this work, we simplify its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-24 Long Chen , Kai-Uwe Bletzinger , Nicolas R. Gauger , Yinyu Ye

In this paper, we theoretically prove that gradient descent can find a global minimum of non-convex optimization of all layers for nonlinear deep neural networks of sizes commonly encountered in practice. The theory developed in this paper…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-18 Kenji Kawaguchi , Jiaoyang Huang

We study the convergence of gradient descent (GD) and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for training $L$-hidden-layer linear residual networks (ResNets). We prove that for training deep residual networks with certain linear transformations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Difan Zou , Philip M. Long , Quanquan Gu

Recent advances have significantly improved our understanding of the generalization performance of gradient descent (GD) methods in deep neural networks. A natural and fundamental question is whether GD can achieve generalization rates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuanfan Li , Yunwen Lei , Zheng-Chu Guo , Yiming Ying

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) based training of neural networks with a large learning rate or a small batch-size typically ends in well-generalizing, flat regions of the weight space, as indicated by small eigenvalues of the Hessian of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-24 Stanisław Jastrzębski , Zachary Kenton , Nicolas Ballas , Asja Fischer , Yoshua Bengio , Amos Storkey

Gradient descent has been a central training principle for artificial neural networks from the early beginnings to today's deep learning networks. The most common implementation is the backpropagation algorithm for training feed-forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Stefan Jaeger

Domain Generalization (DG) research has gained considerable traction as of late, since the ability to generalize to unseen data distributions is a requirement that eludes even state-of-the-art training algorithms. In this paper we observe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Aristotelis Ballas , Christos Diou

Sign-based optimization methods have become popular in machine learning due to their favorable communication cost in distributed optimization and their surprisingly good performance in neural network training. Furthermore, they are closely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Lukas Balles , Fabian Pedregosa , Nicolas Le Roux

We study the properties of alignment, a form of implicit regularization, in linear neural networks under gradient descent. We define alignment for fully connected networks with multidimensional outputs and show that it is a natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan , Eshaan Nichani , Daniel Bernstein , Caroline Uhler

Deep neural networks have achieved great success both in computer vision and natural language processing tasks. However, mostly state-of-art methods highly rely on external training or computing to improve the performance. To alleviate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Ming Yan , Xueli Xiao , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Yi Pan

In gradient descent, changing how we parametrize the model can lead to drastically different optimization trajectories, giving rise to a surprising range of meaningful inductive biases: identifying sparse classifiers or reconstructing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-24 Anna Kerekes , Anna Mészáros , Ferenc Huszár