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Free will (or randomness) has been studied to achieve loophole-free Bell's inequality test and to provide device-independent quantum key distribution security proofs. The required randomness such that a local hidden variable model (LHVM)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-29 Yifeng Teng , Shenghao Yang , Siwei Wang , Mingfei Zhao

We investigate the role of the bipartite temporal Bell inequality, an analogue of the spatial Bell inequality, in probing the quantum imprints of primordial perturbations when the initially chosen Bunch-Davies vacuum is replaced by a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-12 Aurindam Mondal

Bell inequalities applicable to non-ideal EPRB experiments are critical to the interpretation of experimental Bell tests. In this article it is shown that previous treatments of this subject are incorrect due to an implicit assumption and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-12 João N. C. Especial

We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs. We ensure that all relevant events in our Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number…

In quantum information, lifting is a systematic procedure that can be used to derive---when provided with a seed Bell inequality---other Bell inequalities applicable in more complicated Bell scenarios. It is known that the procedure of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-13 C. Jebarathinam , Jui-Chen Hung , Shin-Liang Chen , Yeong-Cherng Liang

A Bell test is a randomized trial that compares experimental observations against the philosophical worldview of local realism. A Bell test requires spatially distributed entanglement, fast and high-efficiency detection and unpredictable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-12 The BIG Bell Test Collaboration , C. Abellán , A. Acín , A. Alarcón , O. Alibart , C. K. Andersen , F. Andreoli , A. Beckert , F. A. Beduini , A. Bendersky , M. Bentivegna , P. Bierhorst , D. Burchardt , A. Cabello , J. Cariñe , S. Carrasco , G. Carvacho , D. Cavalcanti , R. Chaves , J. Cortés-Vega , A. Cuevas , A. Delgado , H. de Riedmatten , C. Eichler , P. Farrera , J. Fuenzalida , M. García-Matos , R. Garthoff , S. Gasparinetti , T. Gerrits , F. Ghafari Jouneghani , S. Glancy , E. S. Gómez , P. González , J. -Y. Guan , J. Handsteiner , J. Heinsoo , G. Heinze , A. Hirschmann , O. Jiménez , F. Kaiser , E. Knill , L. T. Knoll , S. Krinner , P. Kurpiers , M. A. Larotonda , J. -Å. Larsson , A. Lenhard , H. Li , M. -H. Li , G. Lima , B. Liu , Y. Liu , I. H. López Grande , T. Lunghi , X. Ma , O. S. Magaña-Loaiza , P. Magnard , A. Magnoni , M. Martí-Prieto , D. Martínez , P. Mataloni , A. Mattar , M. Mazzera , R. P. Mirin , M. W. Mitchell , S. Nam , M. Oppliger , J. -W. Pan , R. B. Patel , G. J. Pryde , D. Rauch , K. Redeker , D. Rieländer , M. Ringbauer , T. Roberson , W. Rosenfeld , Y. Salathé , L. Santodonato , G. Sauder , T. Scheidl , C. T. Schmiegelow , F. Sciarrino , A. Seri , L. K. Shalm , S. -C. Shi , S. Slussarenko , M. J. Stevens , S. Tanzilli , F. Toledo , J. Tura , R. Ursin , P. Vergyris , V. B. Verma , T. Walter , A. Wallraff , Z. Wang , H. Weinfurter , M. M. Weston , A. G. White , C. Wu , G. B. Xavier , L. You , X. Yuan , A. Zeilinger , Q. Zhang , W. Zhang , J. Zhong

Superdeterminism has received recent attention as a possible path toward a locally causal explanation of the entanglement correlations that appear in experimental tests of Bell's theorem. While the term `superdeterminism' was coined by Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Mordecai Waegell

Bell inequalities are central tools for studying nonlocal correlations and their applications in quantum information processing. Identifying inequalities for many particles or measurements is, however, difficult due to the computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-17 Fabian Bernards , Otfried Gühne

We derive tight Bell's inequalities for N>2 observers involving more than two alternative measurement settings. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a general quantum state to violate the new inequalities. The inequalities are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Wieslaw Laskowski , Tomasz Paterek , Marek Zukowski , Caslav Brukner

We describe a new Bell test for two-particle entangled systems that engages an unbounded continuous variable. The continuous variable state is allowed to be arbitrary and inaccessible to direct measurements. A systematic method is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-20 X. -F. Qian , C. J. Broadbent , J. H. Eberly

One of the conclusions that Bell drew from his famous inequality was that any hidden variable theory that satisfies Local Causality is incompatible with the predictions of Quantum Mechanics for Bell's Experiment. However, Local Causality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Joanna Luc

Experimental tests of Bell's inequality allow to distinguish quantum mechanics from local hidden variable theories. Such tests are performed by measuring correlations of two entangled particles (e.g. polarization of photons or spins of…

Elegant Bell inequality is well known for its distinctive property, being maximally violated by maximal entanglement, mutually unbiased bases, and symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measure elements. Despite its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Kwangil Bae , Junghee Ryu , Ilkwon Sohn , Wonhyuk Lee

In Bell scenario, any nonlocal correlation, shared between two spatially separated parties, can be modeled deterministically either by allowing communications between the two parties or by restricting their free will in choosing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-01 Manik Banik

Bell's Theorem requires any theory which obeys the technical definitions of Free Choice and Local Causality to satisfy the Bell inequality. Invariant set theory is a finite theory of quantum physics which violates the Bell inequality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 T. N. Palmer

Based on a geometrical argument introduced by Zukowski, a new multisetting Bell inequality is derived, for the scenario in which many parties make measurements on two-level systems. This generalizes and unifies some previous results.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Koji Nagata , Wieslaw Laskowski , Tomasz Paterek

It is known that the local bound of a Bell inequality is sensitive to the knowledge of the external observer about the settings statistics. Here we ask how that sensitivity depends on the structure of that knowledge. It turns out that in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-20 P. Horodecki , M. Pawlowski , R. Horodecki

The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality (and its permutations), are necessary and sufficient criteria for Bell nonlocality in the simplest Bell-nonlocality scenario: 2 parties, 2 measurements per party and 2 outcomes per…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-30 Eric G. Cavalcanti , Christopher J. Foster , Maria Fuwa , Howard M. Wiseman

In the case of a pair of two-outcome measurements incompatibility is equivalent to Bell nonlocality. Indeed, any pair of incompatible two-outcome measurements can violate the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell inequality, which has been proven…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-16 Erika Bene , Tamás Vértesi

A proof of Bell's theorem without inequalities and involving only two observers is given by suitably extending a proof of the Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem due to Mermin. This proof is generalized to obtain an inequality-free proof of Bell's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. K. Aravind
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