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The ongoing development of hardware that is capable of reliably executing general quantum algorithms requires quantum error-correcting codes that are both practical for realisation and rapidly reduce logical error rates as they are scaled…

High-rate bivariate bicycle (BB) codes are promising low-overhead quantum memories, but their stabilizer checks typically have weight $6$ or higher, making syndrome extraction challenging. We introduce subsystem bivariate bicycle (SBB)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Zijian Liang , Yu-An Chen

In this paper we consider stabilizer codes over local Frobenius rings. First, we study the relative minimum distances of a stabilizer code and its reduction onto the residue field. We show that for various scenarios, a free stabilizer code…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-30 Heide Gluesing-Luerssen , Tefjol Pllaha

We construct a family of quantum low-density parity-check codes locally equivalent to higher-dimensional quantum hypergraph-product (QHP) codes. Similarly to QHP codes, the proposed codes have highly redundant sets of low-weight stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Hsiang-Ku Lin , Pak Kau Lim , Alexey A. Kovalev , Leonid P. Pryadko

We introduce and analyze a family of Clifford-deformed bivariate bicycle codes that are tailored for biased noise. Our qLDPC codes are defined on a bipartite hexagonal lattice with limited-range gates and low-weight stabilizers. The code is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Catherine Leroux , Joseph K. Iverson

As current experiments already realize small quantum circuits on error corrected qubits, it is important to fully understand the effect of physical errors on the logical error channels of these fault-tolerant circuits. Here, we investigate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Bálint Domokos , Áron Márton , János K. Asbóth

In recent years, there have been many studies on local stabilizer codes. Under the assumption of translation and scale invariance Yoshida classified such codes. His result implies that translation invariant 2D color codes are equivalent to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-04 Arun B. Aloshious , Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

We devise a new realization of the surface code on a rectangular lattice of qubits utilizing single-qubit and nearest-neighbor two-qubit Pauli measurements and three auxiliary qubits per plaquette. This realization gains substantial…

Given any two classical codes with parameters $[n_1,k,d_1]$ and $[n_2,k,d_2]$, we show how to construct a quantum subsystem code in 2-dimensions with parameters $[[N,K,D]]$ satisfying $N\le 2n_1n_2$, $K=k$, and $D=\min(d_1,d_2)$. These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-29 Theodore J. Yoder

To build a fault-tolerant quantum computer, it is necessary to implement a quantum error correcting code. Such codes rely on the ability to extract information about the quantum error syndrome while not destroying the quantum information…

We study how the resilience of the surface code is affected by the coupling to a non-Markovian environment at zero temperature. The qubits in the surface code experience an effective dynamics due to the coupling to the environment that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-18 Pejman Jouzdani , Eduardo R. Mucciolo

We explicitly construct a class of holographic quantum error correction codes with non-trivial centers in the code subalgebra. Specifically, we use the Bacon-Shor codes and perfect tensors to construct a gauge code (or a stabilizer code…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-06-02 ChunJun Cao , Brad Lackey

The color code is a topological quantum error-correcting code supporting a variety of valuable fault-tolerant logical gates. Its two-dimensional version, the triangular color code, may soon be realized with currently available…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Christopher Chamberland , Aleksander Kubica , Theodore J. Yoder , Guanyu Zhu

We consider an approach to fault tolerant quantum computing based on a simple error detecting code operating as the substrate for a conventional surface code. We develop a customised decoder to process the information about the likely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 Xiaosi Xu , Qi Zhao , Xiao Yuan , Simon C. Benjamin

Three-dimensional (3D) topological codes offer the advantage of supporting fault-tolerant implementations of non-Clifford gates, yet their performance against realistic noise remains largely unexplored. In this work, we focus on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Ji-Ze Xu , Yin Zhong , Miguel A. Martin-Delgado , Hao Song , Ke Liu

We construct toric codes on various high-dimensional manifolds. Assuming a conjecture in geometry we find families of quantum CSS stabilizer codes on $N$ qubits with logarithmic weight stabilizers and distance $N^{1-\epsilon}$ for any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-19 M. B. Hastings

We discuss how the presence of gauge sub-systems in the Bacon-Shor code [D. Bacon, Phys. Rev. A 73, 012340 (2006)] leads to remarkably simple and efficient methods for fault-tolerant error correction (FTEC). Most notably, FTEC does not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Panos Aliferis , Andrew W. Cross

We address the task of verifying whether a quantum computer, designed to be protected by a specific stabilizer code, correctly encodes the corresponding logical qubits. To achieve this, we develop a general framework for subspace…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Congcong Zheng , Xutao Yu , Zaichen Zhang , Ping Xu , Kun Wang

We analyze the properties of a 2D topological code derived by concatenating the [[4, 2, 2]] code with the toric/surface code, or alternatively by removing check operators from the 2D square-octagon or 4.8.8 color code. We show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-25 Ben Criger , Barbara Terhal

Protecting information in systems that have more than two basis states (qudits) not only offers a promising route for reducing the number of individual quantum locations that must be protected, while more accurately reflecting the structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Himanshu Dongre , Lane G. Gunderman