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Smart contracts are self-enforcing agreements that are employed to exchange assets without the approval of trusted third parties. This feature has encouraged various sectors to make use of smart contracts when transacting. Experience shows…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Sabreen Ahmadjee , Carlos Mera-Gómez , Rami Bahsoon

It has become increasingly challenging for firms to comply with a plethora of novel digital regulations. This is especially true for smaller businesses that often lack both the resources and know-how to draft complex legal documents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Luka Nenadic , David Rodriguez

The rise of decentralized applications (dApps) has made smart contracts imperative components of blockchain technology. As many smart contracts process financial transactions, their security is paramount. Moreover, the immutability of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Khalid Hassan , Saeed Moradi , Shaiful Chowdhury , Sara Rouhani

This paper concentrates on the representation of the legal relations that obtain between parties once they have entered a contractual agreement and their evolution as the agreement progresses through time. Contracts are regarded as process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Aspassia Daskalopulu

Context: Smart contract vulnerabilities pose significant security risks for the Ethereum ecosystem, driving the development of automated tools for detection and mitigation. Smart contracts are written in Solidity, a programming language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Gerardo Iuliano , Davide Corradini , Michele Pasqua , Mariano Ceccato , Dario Di Nucci

Fact-checking is the task of verifying the factuality of a given claim by examining the available evidence. High-quality evidence plays a vital role in enhancing fact-checking systems and facilitating the generation of explanations that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Yirong Zeng , Xiao Ding , Yi Zhao , Xiangyu Li , Jie Zhang , Chao Yao , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

While most social norms are informal, they are often formalized by companies in contracts to regulate trades of goods and services. When poorly written, contracts may contain normative conflicts resulting from opposing deontic meanings or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 João Paulo Aires , Roger Granada , Juarez Monteiro , Rodrigo C. Barros , Felipe Meneguzzi

In an increasingly complex contractual landscape, the demand for transparency, security, and efficiency has intensified. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable nature, addresses these challenges by reducing intermediary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Lambard Maxence , Bertelle Cyrille , Duvallet Claude

We study a dynamic contracting problem with multiple agents and limited commitment. A principal seeks to screen efficient agents using one-period contracts, but is tempted to revise contract terms upon knowing an agent's type. Alterations…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-03-24 Mehmet Ekmekci , Lucas Maestri , Dong Wei

As more and more data is collected for various reasons, the sharing of such data becomes paramount to increasing its value. Many applications ranging from smart cities to personalized health care require individuals and organizations to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Kevin Liu , Harsh Desai , Lalana Kagal , Murat Kantarcioglu

We present a toolchain for developing and verifying smart contracts that can be executed on Bitcoin. The toolchain is based on BitML, a recent domain-specific language for smart contracts with a computationally sound embedding into Bitcoin.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Nicola Atzei , Massimo Bartoletti , Stefano Lande , Nobuko Yoshida , Roberto Zunino

Business processes need to have certain constraints such that they can lead to sustainable outcomes. These constraints can be manifold and their adherence has to be monitored. In the past compliance checking has been applied in several…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Clemens Schreiber

This paper provides a systematic analysis of the opportunities, challenges, and potential solutions of harnessing Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 to dig out vulnerabilities within smart contracts based on our ongoing research.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Fatih İlhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Ling Liu

Ensuring the correctness of smart contracts is critical, as even subtle flaws can lead to severe financial losses. While bug detection tools able to spot common vulnerability patterns can serve as a first line of defense, most real-world…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Massimo Bartoletti , Enrico Lipparini , Livio Pompianu

Testing the validity of claims made by self-proclaimed experts can be impossible when testing them in isolation, even with infinite observations at the disposal of the tester. However, in a multiple expert setting it is possible to design a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-16 Jorge Barreras , Alvaro Riascos

In online second-hand marketplaces, multi-turn bargaining is a crucial part of seller-buyer interactions. Large Language Models (LLMs) can act as seller agents, negotiating with buyers on behalf of sellers under given business constraints.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Issue Yishu Wang , Kakam Chong , Xiaofeng Wang , Xu Yan , DeXin Kong , Chen Ju , Ming Chen , Shuai Xiao , Shuguang Han , jufeng chen

Smart Contracts are programs running logic in the Blockchain network by executing operations through immutable transactions. The Blockchain network validates such transactions, storing them into sequential blocks of which integrity is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Francesco Salzano , Simone Scalabrino , Rocco Oliveto , Remo Pareschi

Smart contracts provide the means to stipulate rules of interaction between mutually distrustful organizations. They encode contractual agreements on the basis of source code, which else need to be contractualized in natural language. While…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Tobias Eichinger , Marcel Ebermann

Commercial contracts are known to be a valuable source for deriving project-specific requirements. However, contract negotiations mainly occur among the legal counsel of the parties involved. The participation of non-legal stakeholders,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Anmol Singhal , Preethu Rose Anish , Shirish Karande , Smita Ghaisas

Can one estimate the number of remaining faults in a software system? A credible estimation technique would be immensely useful to project managers as well as customers. It would also be of theoretical interest, as a general law of software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-08-14 Carlo A. Furia , Bertrand Meyer , Manuel Oriol , Andrey Tikhomirov , Yi Wei