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Deep artificial neural networks have made remarkable progress in different tasks in the field of computer vision. However, the empirical analysis of these models and investigation of their failure cases has received attention recently. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-10 Babak Saleh , Ahmed Elgammal , Jacob Feldman

The standard normalization method for neural network (NN) models used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is layer normalization (LN). This is different than batch normalization (BN), which is widely-adopted in Computer Vision. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Sheng Shen , Zhewei Yao , Amir Gholami , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

Re-initializing a neural network during training has been observed to improve generalization in recent works. Yet it is neither widely adopted in deep learning practice nor is it often used in state-of-the-art training protocols. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Sheheryar Zaidi , Tudor Berariu , Hyunjik Kim , Jörg Bornschein , Claudia Clopath , Yee Whye Teh , Razvan Pascanu

This paper first answers the question "why do the two most powerful techniques Dropout and Batch Normalization (BN) often lead to a worse performance when they are combined together?" in both theoretical and statistical aspects.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Xiang Li , Shuo Chen , Xiaolin Hu , Jian Yang

Quantised neural networks (QNNs) shrink models and reduce inference energy through low-bit arithmetic, yet most still depend on a running statistics batch normalisation (BN) layer, preventing true integer-only deployment. Prior attempts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Pengfei Sun , Wenyu Jiang , Piew Yoong Chee , Paul Devos , Dick Botteldooren

It is a common assumption that the activation of different layers in neural networks follow Gaussian distribution. This distribution can be transformed using normalization techniques, such as batch-normalization, increasing convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Andras Horvath , Jalal Al-afandi

This paper focuses on regularizing the training of the convolutional neural network (CNN). We propose a new regularization approach named ``PatchShuffle`` that can be adopted in any classification-oriented CNN models. It is easy to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Guoliang Kang , Xuanyi Dong , Liang Zheng , Yi Yang

In this work, we describe a new approach that uses deep neural networks (DNN) to obtain regularization parameters for solving inverse problems. We consider a supervised learning approach, where a network is trained to approximate the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-15 Babak Maboudi Afkham , Julianne Chung , Matthias Chung

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved breakthrough performances in a wide range of applications including image classification, semantic segmentation, and object detection. Previous research on characterizing the generalization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-04 Shan Lin , Jingwei Zhang

In this paper, we analyze batch normalization from the perspective of discriminability and find the disadvantages ignored by previous studies: the difference in $l_2$ norms of sample features can hinder batch normalization from obtaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Zhennan Wang , Kehan Li , Runyi Yu , Yian Zhao , Pengchong Qiao , Chang Liu , Fan Xu , Xiangyang Ji , Guoli Song , Jie Chen

To build light-weight network, we propose a new normalization, Fine-grained Batch Normalization (FBN). Different from Batch Normalization (BN), which normalizes the final summation of the weighted inputs, FBN normalizes the intermediate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Chunjie Luo , Jianfeng Zhan , Lei Wang , Wanling Gao

Training deep neural networks is known to require a large number of training samples. However, in many applications only few training samples are available. In this work, we tackle the issue of training neural networks for classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Soufiane Belharbi , Clément Chatelain , Romain Hérault , Sébastien Adam

Normalization layers are widely used in deep neural networks to stabilize training. In this paper, we consider the training of convolutional neural networks with gradient descent on a single training example. This optimization problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Zhenwei Dai , Reinhard Heckel

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is a technique that improves the training of deep neural networks, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). It has been empirically demonstrated that BatchNorm increases performance, stability, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Yashna Peerthum , Mark Stamp

Batch normalization (BN) uniformly shifts and scales the activations based on the statistics of a batch of images. However, the intensity distribution of the background pixels often dominates the BN statistics because the background…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-08 Junfei Xiao , Lequan Yu , Zongwei Zhou , Yutong Bai , Lei Xing , Alan Yuille , Yuyin Zhou

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) are often used to improve network efficiency during the inference phase, i.e. after the network has been trained. Extensive research in the field suggests many different quantization schemes. Still, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Ron Banner , Itay Hubara , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Regularization techniques are widely used to improve the generality, robustness, and efficiency of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). In this paper, we propose a novel approach of regulating DCNN convolutional kernels by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Seyed Mehdi Ayyoubzadeh , Xiaolin Wu

Adapting a model to perform well on unforeseen data outside its training set is a common problem that continues to motivate new approaches. We demonstrate that application of batch normalization in the output layer, prior to softmax…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Matthew R. Behrend , Sean M. Robinson

The phenomenon of implicit regularization has attracted interest in recent years as a fundamental aspect of the remarkable generalizing ability of neural networks. In a nutshell, it entails that gradient descent dynamics in many neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Hong T. M. Chu , Subhro Ghosh , Chi Thanh Lam , Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee

Batch-Normalization (BN) layers have become fundamental components in the evermore complex deep neural network architectures. Such models require acceleration processes for deployment on edge devices. However, BN layers add computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Edouard Yvinec , Arnaud Dapogny , Kevin Bailly