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We introduce a task and dataset for referring expression generation and comprehension in multi-agent embodied environments. In this task, two agents in a shared scene must take into account one another's visual perspective, which may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zineng Tang , Lingjun Mao , Alane Suhr

Recently, there has been a great deal of research in emergent communication on artificial agents interacting in simulated environments. Recent studies have revealed that, in general, emergent languages do not follow the compositionality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Rishi Hazra , Sonu Dixit , Sayambhu Sen

Language is a powerful communicative and cognitive tool. It enables humans to express thoughts, share intentions, and reason about complex phenomena. Despite our fluency in using and understanding language, the question of how it arises and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Maytus Piriyajitakonkij , Rujikorn Charakorn , Weicheng Tao , Wei Pan , Mingfei Sun , Cheston Tan , Mengmi Zhang

Recent findings in neuroscience suggest that the human brain represents information in a geometric structure (for instance, through conceptual spaces). In order to communicate, we flatten the complex representation of entities and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Agnieszka Słowik , Abhinav Gupta , William L. Hamilton , Mateja Jamnik , Sean B. Holden

Effective collaboration between embodied agents requires more than acting in a shared environment; it demands communication grounded in each agent's evolving understanding of the world. When agents can only partially observe their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Vardhan Dongre , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

A promising approach for teaching artificial agents to use natural language involves using human-in-the-loop training. However, recent work suggests that current machine learning methods are too data inefficient to be trained in this way…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Ryan Lowe , Abhinav Gupta , Jakob Foerster , Douwe Kiela , Joelle Pineau

The study of emergent communication has been dedicated to interactive artificial intelligence. While existing work focuses on communication about single objects or complex image scenes, we argue that communicating relationships between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Yicheng Feng , Boshi An , Zongqing Lu

Many real-world problems require the coordination of multiple autonomous agents. Recent work has shown the promise of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to learn explicit communication strategies that enable complex multi-agent coordination.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Jan Blumenkamp , Amanda Prorok

Neural agents trained in reinforcement learning settings can learn to communicate among themselves via discrete tokens, accomplishing as a team what agents would be unable to do alone. However, the current standard of using one-hot vectors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Mycal Tucker , Huao Li , Siddharth Agrawal , Dana Hughes , Katia Sycara , Michael Lewis , Julie Shah

Emergent communication, or emergent language, is the field of research which studies how human language-like communication systems emerge de novo in deep multi-agent reinforcement learning environments. The possibilities of replicating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Brendon Boldt , David Mortensen

Artificial agents that learn to communicate in order to accomplish a given task acquire communication protocols that are typically opaque to a human. A large body of work has attempted to evaluate the emergent communication via various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Boaz Carmeli , Yonatan Belinkov , Ron Meir

This paper is concerned with the training of recurrent neural networks as goal-oriented dialog agents using reinforcement learning. Training such agents with policy gradients typically requires a large amount of samples. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Rui Zhao , Volker Tresp

The field of emergent communication aims to understand the characteristics of communication as it emerges from artificial agents solving tasks that require information exchange. Communication with discrete messages is considered a desired…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Boaz Carmeli , Ron Meir , Yonatan Belinkov

This paper explores a novel approach to achieving emergent compositional communication in multi-agent systems. We propose a training regime implementing template transfer, the idea of carrying over learned biases across contexts. In our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Tomasz Korbak , Julian Zubek , Łukasz Kuciński , Piotr Miłoś , Joanna Rączaszek-Leonardi

A long-term goal of language agents is to learn and improve through their own experience, ultimately outperforming humans in complex, real-world tasks. However, training agents from experience data with reinforcement learning remains…

We propose a method for training language models in an interactive setting inspired by child language acquisition. In our setting, a speaker attempts to communicate some information to a listener in a single-turn dialogue and receives a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Lennart Stöpler , Rufat Asadli , Mitja Nikolaus , Ryan Cotterell , Alex Warstadt

In the recent shift towards human-centric AI, the need for machines to accurately use natural language has become increasingly important. While a common approach to achieve this is to train large language models, this method presents a form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Nicolo' Brandizzi

This paper explores the emergence of norms in agents' societies when agents play multiple -even incompatible- roles in their social contexts simultaneously, and have limited interaction ranges. Specifically, this article proposes two…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2015-03-25 George Vouros

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents often struggle to generalize to new tasks and contexts without updating their parameters, mainly because their learned representations and policies are overfit to the specifics of their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Fernando Martinez-Lopez , Tao Li , Yingdong Lu , Juntao Chen

We study a neuro-inspired model that mimics a discussion (or information dissemination) process in a network of agents. During their interaction, agents redistribute activity and network weights, resulting in emergence of leader(s). The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-10-26 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Aram Galstyan