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Neural networks can learn to represent and manipulate numerical information, but they seldom generalize well outside of the range of numerical values encountered during training. To encourage more systematic numerical extrapolation, we…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Andrew Trask , Felix Hill , Scott Reed , Jack Rae , Chris Dyer , Phil Blunsom

While feed-forward neurons in pre-trained language models (PLMs) can encode knowledge, past research targeted a small subset of neurons that heavily influence outputs. This leaves the broader role of neuron activations unclear, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xin Zhao , Zehui Jiang , Naoki Yoshinaga

Humans have the ability to seamlessly combine low-level visual input with high-level symbolic reasoning often in the form of recognising objects, learning relations between them and applying rules. Neuro-symbolic systems aim to bring a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Nuri Cingillioglu , Alessandra Russo

Advocates for Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence (NeSy) assert that combining deep learning with symbolic reasoning will lead to stronger AI than either paradigm on its own. As successful as deep learning has been, it is generally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Kyle Hamilton , Aparna Nayak , Bojan Božić , Luca Longo

The recommendation system is not only a problem of inductive statistics from data but also a cognitive task that requires reasoning ability. The most advanced graph neural networks have been widely used in recommendation systems because…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Bang Chen , Wei Peng , Maonian Wu , Bo Zheng , Shaojun Zhu

A hallmark of human cognition is the ability to continually acquire and distill observations of the world into meaningful, predictive theories. In this paper we present a new mechanism for logical theory acquisition which takes a set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Andres Campero , Aldo Pareja , Tim Klinger , Josh Tenenbaum , Sebastian Riedel

In this paper, we review recent approaches for explaining concepts in neural networks. Concepts can act as a natural link between learning and reasoning: once the concepts are identified that a neural learning system uses, one can integrate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Jae Hee Lee , Sergio Lanza , Stefan Wermter

Modeling natural language inference is a very challenging task. With the availability of large annotated data, it has recently become feasible to train complex models such as neural-network-based inference models, which have shown to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Qian Chen , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling , Diana Inkpen , Si Wei

This work introduces a neuro-symbolic agent that combines deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with temporal logic (TL) to achieve systematic zero-shot, i.e., never-seen-before, generalisation of formally specified instructions. In particular,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Borja G. León , Murray Shanahan , Francesco Belardinelli

Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Zeming Chen , Qiyue Gao , Lawrence S. Moss

Regularization of neural machine translation is still a significant problem, especially in low-resource settings. To mollify this problem, we propose regressing word embeddings (ReWE) as a new regularization technique in a system that is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Ehsan Zare Borzeshi , Nazanin Esmaili , Massimo Piccardi

Human intelligence is characterized by a remarkable ability to infer abstract rules from experience and apply these rules to novel domains. As such, designing neural network algorithms with this capacity is an important step toward the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Ishan Sinha , Taylor W. Webb , Jonathan D. Cohen

Neuro-symbolic learning was proposed to address challenges with training neural networks for complex reasoning tasks with the added benefits of interpretability, reliability, and efficiency. Neuro-symbolic learning methods traditionally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Adam Stein , Aaditya Naik , Neelay Velingker , Mayur Naik , Eric Wong

Recent work on recommender systems has considered external knowledge graphs as valuable sources of information, not only to produce better recommendations but also to provide explanations of why the recommended items were chosen. Pure…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Yikun Xian , Zuohui Fu , Qiaoying Huang , S. Muthukrishnan , Yongfeng Zhang

While neural networks are good at learning unspecified functions from training samples, they cannot be directly implemented in hardware and are often not interpretable or formally verifiable. On the other hand, logic circuits are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Tobias Brudermueller , Dennis L. Shung , Adrian J. Stanley , Johannes Stegmaier , Smita Krishnaswamy

Text-based reinforcement learning agents have predominantly been neural network-based models with embeddings-based representation, learning uninterpretable policies that often do not generalize well to unseen games. On the other hand,…

Neuro-symbolic hybrid systems are promising for integrating machine learning and symbolic reasoning, where perception models are facilitated with information inferred from a symbolic knowledge base through logical reasoning. Despite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Lue Tao , Yu-Xuan Huang , Wang-Zhou Dai , Yuan Jiang

Despite achieving tremendous success, existing deep learning models have exposed limitations in compositional generalization, the capability to learn compositional rules and apply them to unseen cases in a systematic manner. To tackle this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Xinyun Chen , Chen Liang , Adams Wei Yu , Dawn Song , Denny Zhou

Harnessing the statistical power of neural networks to perform language understanding and symbolic reasoning is difficult, when it requires executing efficient discrete operations against a large knowledge-base. In this work, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Chen Liang , Jonathan Berant , Quoc Le , Kenneth D. Forbus , Ni Lao

Knowledge graph (KG) reasoning is a task that aims to predict unknown facts based on known factual samples. Reasoning methods can be divided into two categories: rule-based methods and KG-embedding based methods. The former possesses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Fengsong Sun , Jinyu Wang , Zhiqing Wei , Xianchao Zhang