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In order to establish the position of the center of mass of the Earth in the International Celestial Reference Frame, observations of the Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) constellation using the IVS network are important. With a good…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-08-30 John M. Dickey

Despite continuous increasing of the number of ICRF sources, their sky coverage is still not satisfactory. The goal of this study is to discuss some new considerations for extending the ICRF source list. Statistical analysis of the ICRF…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-30 Zinovy Malkin

Positions and proper motions of Gaia sources are expressed in a reference frame that ideally should be non-rotating relative to distant extragalactic objects, coincident with the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-15 Lennart Lindegren

A new list of physical characteristics of 4261 astrometric radio sources, including all 717 ICRF-Ext.2 sources has been compiled. Comparison of our data of optical characteristics with the official International Earth Rotation and Reference…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Oleg Titov , Zinovy Malkin

Published analyses of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data for the sources included in the third International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3) catalog have revealed object-specific, excess astrometric variability and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-11-27 Valeri V. Makarov , Phil Cigan , David Gordon , Megan C. Johnson , Christopher DiLullo , Sébastien Lambert

The third realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3) was adopted in August 2018 and includes positions of extragalactic objects at three frequencies: 8.4 GHz, 24 GHz, and 32 GHz. In this paper, we present celestial…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-30 Hana Krasna , David Gordon , Aletha de Witt , Christopher S. Jacobs

Previous studies based on the latest realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3) have suggested a correlation between astrometric properties (such as the radio-optical offset) and redshift for active galactic nuclei…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-01 Zhiyun Zhang , N. Liu , Xiaxuan Zhang , I. Nurul Huda , Sufen Guo , Z. Zhu , J. -C. Liu , J. Yao , Z. -W. Wang , H. -F. Yu , D. -D. Zhang

We extend previous works by considering two additional radio frequencies (K band and X/Ka band) with the aim to study the frequency dependence of the source positions and its potential connection with the physical properties of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-18 Niu Liu , Sebastien Lambert , Patrick Charlot , Zi Zhu , Jia-Cheng Liu , Nan Jiang , Xiao-Sheng Wan , Cheng-Yu Ding

Optical positions from the SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey have been compared in detail with accurate radio positions that define the second realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF2). The comparison was limited to the IIIaJ…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Adam Schaefer , Richard Hunstead , Helen Johnston

The third iteration of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3) is made up of 4536 quasars observed at S/X bands using Very Long baseline Interferometry (VLBI). These sources are high redshift quasars, typically between $1<z<2$,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-09-08 Lucas R. Hunt , Megan C. Johnson , Phillip J. Cigan , David Gordon , John Spitzak

We present an updated K band (24 GHz) celestial reference frame (CRF) constructed from 3.5 million Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations collected during 211 observing epochs between May 2002 and December 2025 using the Very…

The second release of Gaia data (Gaia DR2) contains the astrometric parameters for more than half a million quasars. This set defines a kinematically non-rotating reference frame in the optical domain referred to as the Gaia-CRF2. The…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-06 F. Mignard , S. Klioner , L. Lindegren , J. Hernandez , U. Bastian , A. Bombrun

It is expected that the European Space Agency mission Gaia will make possible to determine coordinates in the optical domain of more than 500000 quasars. In 2006, a radio astrometry project was launched with the overall goal to make…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-22 Leonid Petrov

Using very long baseline interferometry data for the sources that comprise the third International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3), we examine the quality of the formal source position uncertainties of ICRF3 by determining the excess…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-05 Phil Cigan , Valeri Makarov , Nathan Secrest , David Gordon , Megan Johnson , Sebastien Lambert

It is anticipated that future space-born missions, such as Gaia, will be able to determine in optical domain positions of more than 100,000 bright quasars with sub-mas accuracies that are comparable to very long baseline interferometry…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-13 Leonid Petrov

There exist inconsistencies between the bright and faint Gaia Celestial Reference Frame 3 (Gaia-CRF3), which manifests as a systematic rotation and needs to be independently estimated then corrected in future data releases. We collected 64…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-23 Jingdong Zhang , Bo Zhang , Shuangjing Xu , Xiaofeng Mai

A comparison was made between $Gaia$ magnitudes and magnitudes obtained from ground-based observations for astrometric radio sources . The comparison showed that these magnitudes often not agree well. There may be several reasons for this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-29 Zinovy Malkin

We present the first high-precision proper motion catalog, tied to the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), of infrared astrometric reference stars within R $\leq$ 25" (1 pc) of the central supermassive black hole at the…

Using photometric variability information from the new Gaia DR3 release, I show for the first time that photometric variability is inversely correlated with the prevalence of optical-radio position offsets in the active galactic nuclei…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-30 Nathan Secrest

Many important techniques for investigating the properties of extragalactic radio sources, such as spectral-index and rotation-measure mapping, involve the comparison of images at two or more frequencies. In the case of radio…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. M. Croke , D. C. Gabuzda