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We use observations of the CI, CII, HI, and H_2 column densities along lines of sight in the Galactic plane to determine the formation rate of H_2 on grains and to determine chemical reaction rates with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Mark G. Wolfire , A. G. G. M. Tielens , David Hollenbach , Michael J. Kaufman

We present a study for a sample of galaxies with active nuclei to characterize the main type of PAH molecules present in these objects and the local physical conditions of their irradiating sources, as well as the characteristics of the…

As images and spectra from ISO and Spitzer have provided increasingly higher-fidelity representations of the mid-infrared (MIR) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emission from galaxies and galactic and extra-galactic regions, more…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Daniela Calzetti

Context: PAHs are thought to be a ubiquitous and important dust component of the interstellar medium. However, the effects of their immersion in a hot (post-shock) gas have never before been fully investigated. Aims: We study the effects of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 E. R. Micelotta , A. P. Jones , A. G. G. M. Tielens

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission has long been proposed to be a potential star formation rate indicator, as it arises from the photodissociation region bordering the Str\"omgren sphere of young, massive stars. We apply a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-06 Yanxia Xie , Luis C. Ho

The hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is crucial to understanding molecular hydrogenation formation in the interstellar medium. This process also helps to elucidate the weakening of the aromatic bonds in PAHs, which…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-03 S. Haid , K. Gugeler , J. Kästner , D. Campisi

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as a major constituent of interstellar dust. They have been proposed as the carriers of the Aromatic Infrared Bands (AIBs) observed in emission in the mid-IR. They likely have a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-04-22 C. Joblin , O. Berne , A. Simon , G. Mulas

The abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in low- and high-metallicity galaxies has been widely discussed since the time when detailed infrared data for extragalactic objects were first obtained. On the scales of entire…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 M. S. Khramtsova , D. S. Wiebe , P. A. Boley , Ya. N. Pavlyuchenkov

Hydrogenation reactions of CO in inter- and circumstellar ices are regarded as an important starting point in the formation of more complex species. Previous laboratory measurements by two groups on the hydrogenation of CO ices resulted in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-15 G. W. Fuchs , H. M. Cuppen , S. Ioppolo , C. Romanzin , S. E. Bisschop , S. Andersson , E. F. van Dishoeck , H. Linnartz

Interstellar ubiquitous infrared spectrum (IR) due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was observed in many astronomical dust clouds. A capable astronomical chemical evolution path from graphene to PAH was studied based on the first…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-03-20 Norio Ota

Interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) are an important component of the interstellar medium of galaxies, containing some 10 percent of the elemental carbon. Their vibrational emission dominates the mid-infrared spectra of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-06 A. G. G. M. Tielens

Cyclopentadiene (c-C5H6) is considered a key molecule in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the interstellar medium (ISM). The synthesis of PAHs from simpler precursors is known as the "bottom-up" theory, which, so…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-14 María Mallo , Marcelino Agúndez , Carlos Cabezas , Octavio Roncero , José Cernicharo , Germán Molpeceres

The formation of the interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) is a hot topic in astrochemistry. One of the main paradigms trying to reproduce the observations postulates that iCOMs are formed on the ice mantles covering the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-30 Joan Enrique-Romero , Albert Rimola , Ceccarelli , Piero Ugliengo , Nadia Balucani , Dimitrios Skouteris

The reactions of carbon atoms with dihydrogen have been investigated in liquid helium droplets at $T$ = 0.37 K. A calorimetric technique was applied to monitor the energy released in the reaction. The barrierless reaction between a single…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-01 S. A. Krasnokutski , M. Kuhn , M. Renzler , C. Jäger , Th. Henning , P. Scheier

We investigated the dissociation of dications and trications of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. PAHs are a family of molecules ubiquitous in space and involved in much of the chemistry of…

The photochemistry of ices with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been extensively studied, but to date no investigation has been made of PAHs in interaction with low numbers (n < 4) of molecules of water. We performed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-15 J. A. Noble , C. Jouvet , C. Aupetit , A. Moudens , J. Mascetti

The reactions of cold H atoms with solid O2 molecules were investigated at 10 K. The formation of H2O2 and H2O has been confirmed by in-situ infrared spectroscopy. We found that the reaction proceeds very efficiently and obtained the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 N. Miyauchi , H. Hidaka , T. Chigai , A. Nagaoka , N. Watanabe , A. Kouchi

We decompose the observed 7.7 $\mu$m polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission complexes in a large sample of over 7000 mid-infrared spectra of the interstellar medium (ISM) using spectral cubes observed with the Spitzer/IRS-SL…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-22 D. J. Stock , E. Peeters

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, ubiquitously seen in the interstellar medium (ISM) of our own and external galaxies, might have been incorporated into comets if they are formed from relatively unprocessed interstellar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Aigen Li

We investigate the emission properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in various metallicity environments with the Infrared Spectrograph on board Spitzer. Local giant HII regions are used as references as they enable access to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 V. Lebouteiller , J. Bernard-Salas , D. G. Whelan , B. Brandl , F. Galliano , V. Charmandaris , S. Madden , D. Kunth