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The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for finding the minimum eigenvalue of a Hamiltonian that involves the optimization of a parameterized quantum circuit. Since the resulting optimization…

Due to recent technological advances, actual quantum devices are being constructed and used to perform computations. As a result, many classical problems are being restated so as to be solved on quantum computers. Some examples include…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Matthew B. Crawford

Variational quantum algorithms are promising candidates for delivering practical quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. However, optimizing the noisy cost functions associated with these algorithms is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-06 Andy C. Y. Li , Imanol Hernandez

The major advances in quantum computing over the last few decades have sparked great interest in applying it to solve the most challenging computational problems in a wide variety of areas. One of the most pronounced domains here are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-11 Andreas Sturm , Bharadwaj Mummaneni , Leon Rullkötter

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a method that uses a hybrid quantum-classical computational approach to find eigenvalues and eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian. VQE has been proposed as an alternative to fully quantum algorithms such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Dmitry A. Fedorov , Bo Peng , Niranjan Govind , Yuri Alexeev

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA) have emerged with a wide variety of applications. One question to ask is either they can efficiently be implemented and executed on existing architectures. Current hardware suffers from uncontrolled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 Anne-Solène Bornens , Michel Nowak

Properties of Shor's algorithm and the related period-finding algorithm could serve as benchmarks for the operation of a quantum computer. Distinctive universal behaviour is expected for the probability for success of the period-finding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 E. D. Davis

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize cryptography by breaking classical public-key cryptography schemes, such as RSA and Diffie-Hellman. However, breaking the widely used 2048-bit RSA using Shor's quantum factoring algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 Tanuj Khattar , Noureldin Yosri

Despite extensive research efforts, few quantum algorithms for classical optimization demonstrate realizable quantum advantage. The utility of many quantum algorithms is limited by high requisite circuit depth and nonconvex optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-27 Taylor L. Patti , Jean Kossaifi , Anima Anandkumar , Susanne F. Yelin

Shor's algorithm can find prime factors of a large number more efficiently than any known classical algorithm. Understanding the properties that gives the speedup is essential for a general and scalable construction. Here we present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-13 Niklas Johansson , Jan-Åke Larsson

The execution cost of quantum algorithms is typically quantified through asymptotic gate counts and qubit register sizes, yet these metrics do not directly capture which genuinely quantum resources, and in what amount, must be created and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Alessio Paviglianiti , Matteo Seclì , Emanuele Tirrito , Vincenzo Savona

Hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithms such as the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are promising applications for noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-13 William M. Kirby , Peter J. Love

The variational quantum imaginary time evolution algorithm is efficient in finding the ground state of a quantum Hamiltonian. This algorithm involves solving a system of linear equations in a classical computer and the solution is then used…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-10 Gaurav Saxena , Ahmed Shalabi , Thi Ha Kyaw

This document is a pdf version of the series of blogposts about variational quantum algorithms (VQA) I originally posted on my blog Musty Thoughts. It provides an explanation of the basic variational algorithms, such as Variational Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Michał Stęchły

We introduce a variational quantum algorithm to solve unconstrained black box binary optimization problems, i.e., problems in which the objective function is given as black box. This is in contrast to the typical setting of quantum…

With the advent of powerful quantum computers, the quest for more efficient quantum algorithms becomes crucial in attaining quantum supremacy over classical counterparts in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. While Grover's search…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-08 Junpeng Zhan

The Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) is a key component of many important quantum algorithms, most famously as being the essential ingredient in Shor's algorithm for factoring products of primes. Given its remarkable capability, one would…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Jielun Chen , E. M. Stoudenmire , Steven R. White

Quantum state discrimination (QSD) is a fundamental task in quantum information processing with numerous applications. We present a variational quantum algorithm that performs the minimum-error QSD, called the variational quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 Dongkeun Lee , Kyunghyun Baek , Joonsuk Huh , Daniel K. Park

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged in recent years as a promise to obtain quantum advantage. These task-oriented algorithms work in a hybrid loop combining a quantum processor and classical optimization. Using a specific…

Quantum computing poses a threat to contemporary cryptosystems, with advances to a state in which it will cause problems predicted for the next few decades. Many of the proposed cryptosystems designed to be quantum-secure are based on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Edmund Dable-Heath , Laura Casas , Victor Hertz , Christian Porter , Florian Mintert , Cong Ling