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Related papers: Fair redistricting is hard

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This paper is to obtain a simple dividing-diagram of the congressional districts, where the only limit is that each district should contain the same population if possibly. In order to solve this problem, we introduce three different…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2007-08-17 Pan Kai , Tan Yue , Jiang Sheng

Partisan gerrymandering poses a threat to democracy. Moreover, the complexity of the districting task may exceed human capacities. One potential solution is using computational models to automate the districting process by optimizing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Olivia Guest , Frank J. Kanayet , Bradley C. Love

Redistricting efforts have gathered contemporary attention in both popular and scholarly debates, particularly in the United States where efforts to redraw congressional districts to favor either of the two major parties in 12 states --…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Michael C. Chavrimootoo , Aidan Jeansonne

Why not have a computer just draw a map? This is something you hear a lot when people talk about gerrymandering, and it's easy to think at first that this could solve redistricting altogether. But there are more than a couple problems with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Amariah Becker , Justin Solomon

"Compactness," or the use of shape as a proxy for fairness, has been a long-running theme in the scrutiny of electoral districts; badly-shaped districts are often flagged as examples of the abuse of power known as gerrymandering. The most…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-17 Moon Duchin , Bridget Eileen Tenner

Partitioning a region into districts to favor a particular candidate or a party is commonly known as gerrymandering. In this paper, we investigate the gerrymandering problem in graph theoretic setting as proposed by Cohen-Zemach et al.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Sushmita Gupta , Pallavi Jain , Fahad Panolan , Sanjukta Roy , Saket Saurabh

Political actors often manipulate redistricting plans to gain electoral advantages, a process known as gerrymandering. Several states have implemented institutional reforms to address this problem, such as establishing map-drawing…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-12 Cory McCartan , Christopher T. Kenny , Tyler Simko , Emma Ebowe , Michael Y. Zhao , Kosuke Imai

In recent years, in an effort to promote fairness in the election process, a wide variety of techniques and metrics have been proposed to determine whether a map is a partisan gerrymander. The most accessible measures, requiring easily…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-11 Thomas Ratliff , Stephanie Somersille , Ellen Veomett

Using an ensemble of redistricting plans, we evaluate whether a given political districting faithfully represents the geo-political landscape. Redistricting plans are sampled by a Monte Carlo algorithm from a probability distribution that…

After every U.S. national census, a state legislature is required to redraw the boundaries of congressional districts in order to account for changes in population. At the moment this is done in a highly partisan way, with districting done…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Jason Dou

Switching from one electoral system to another one is frequently criticized by the opposition and is viewed as a means for the ruling party to stay in power. In particular, when the new electoral system is a parallel voting (or a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-02-18 Igor Mandric , Igor Roşca , Radu Buzatu

Landau, Reid, and Yershov [A Fair Division Solution to the Problem of Redistricting, \textit{Social Choice and Welfare}, 2008] propose a protocol for drawing legislative districts based on a two player fair division process, where each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-15 Jessica De Silva , Brady Gales , Bryson Kagy , David Offner

Individual fairness, proposed by Dwork et al., is a fairness measure that is supposed to prevent the unfair treatment of individuals on the subgroup level, and to overcome the problem that group fairness measures are susceptible to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Tim Räz

Decisions about how the population of the United States should be divided into legislative districts have powerful and not fully understood effects on the outcomes of elections. The problem of understanding what we might mean by "fair…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-06-22 Jordan S. Ellenberg

Recently, an increasing number of researchers, especially in the realm of political redistricting, have proposed sampling-based techniques to generate a subset of plans from the vast space of districting plans. These techniques have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Subhodip Biswas , Fanglan Chen , Zhiqian Chen , Chang-Tien Lu , Naren Ramakrishnan

Political districts may be drawn to favor one group or political party over another, or gerrymandered. A number of measurements have been suggested as ways to detect and prevent such behavior. These measures give concrete axes along which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Richard Barnes , Justin Solomon

We model the societal task of redistricting political districts as a partitioning problem: Given a set of $n$ points in the plane, each belonging to one of two parties, and a parameter $k$, our goal is to compute a partition $\Pi$ of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Pankaj K. Agarwal , Shao-Heng Ko , Kamesh Munagala , Erin Taylor

This paper presents a novel mechanism to endogenously determine the fair division of a state into electoral districts in a two-party setting. No geometric constraints are imposed on voter distributions or district shapes; instead, it is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Jamie Tucker-Foltz

Gerrymandering voting districts is one of the most salient concerns of contemporary American society, and the creation of new voting maps, along with their subsequent legal challenges, speaks for much of our modern political discourse. The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-07-31 Casey Garner , Allen Holder

The outcome of elections is strongly dependent on the districting choices, making thus possible (and frequent) the gerrymandering phenomenon, i.e.\ politicians suitably changing the shape of electoral districts in order to win the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-22 Alberto Saracco , Giorgio Saracco