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Autonomous vehicles rely on perception systems to understand their surroundings for further navigation missions. Cameras are essential for perception systems due to the advantages of object detection and recognition provided by modern…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 You Li , Julien Moreau , Javier Ibanez-Guzman

In recent years, achieving full autonomy in driving has emerged as a paramount objective for both the industry and academia. Among various perception technologies, Lidar (Light detection and ranging) stands out for its high-precision and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-31 Xiao Guo

High-definition (HD) maps are essential for autonomous driving, providing precise information such as road boundaries, lane dividers, and crosswalks to enable safe and accurate navigation. However, traditional HD map generation is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zihan Zhang , Abhijit Ravichandran , Pragnya Korti , Luobin Wang , Henrik I. Christensen

End-to-end autonomous driving solutions, which directly process multimodal sensory data and output fine-grained control commands, have gradually become a mainstream direction with the development of autonomous driving technology. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Runyi Huang , Ni Ding , Ruidan Xing , Yuheng Shi , Lei He , Keqiang Li

Today's autonomous vehicles rely extensively on high-definition 3D maps to navigate the environment. While this approach works well when these maps are completely up-to-date, safe autonomous vehicles must be able to corroborate the map's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-09 Ari Seff , Jianxiong Xiao

This paper presents a localization technique using aerial imagery maps and LIDAR based ground reflectivity for autonomous vehicles in urban environments. Traditional localization techniques using LIDAR reflectivity rely on high definition…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Ankit Vora , Siddharth Agarwal , Gaurav Pandey , James McBride

Depth estimation is a fundamental component of spatial perception for autonomous driving and other unmanned systems operating in open urban environments. Existing depth datasets such as KITTI, nuScenes, and DDAD have advanced the field but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xianda Guo , Ruijun Zhang , Yiqun Duan , Ruilin Wang , Matteo Poggi , Keyuan Zhou , Wenzhao Zheng , Wenke Huang , Gangwei Xu , Yanlun Peng , Yuan Si , Qin Zou

Photorealistic simulation plays a crucial role in applications such as autonomous driving, where advances in neural radiance fields (NeRFs) may allow better scalability through the automatic creation of digital 3D assets. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Shanlin Sun , Bingbing Zhuang , Ziyu Jiang , Buyu Liu , Xiaohui Xie , Manmohan Chandraker

Recently, elevated LiDAR (ELiD) has been proposed as an alternative to local LiDAR sensors in autonomous vehicles (AV) because of the ability to reduce costs and computational requirements of AVs, reduce the number of overlapping sensors…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-24 Michael C. Lucic , Hakim Ghazzai , Ahmad Alsharoa , Yehia Massoud

Autonomous vehicle manufacturers recognize that LiDAR provides accurate 3D views and precise distance measures under highly uncertain driving conditions. Its practical implementation, however, remains costly. This paper investigates the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Zuxin Liu , Mansur Arief , Ding Zhao

Self-driving vehicles are expected to bring many benefits among which enhancing traffic efficiency and relia-bility, and reducing fuel consumption which would have a great economical and environmental impact. The success of this technology…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-12 O. El Marai , T. Taleb

There are two critical sensors for 3D perception in autonomous driving, the camera and the LiDAR. The camera provides rich semantic information such as color, texture, and the LiDAR reflects the 3D shape and locations of surrounding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Kaicheng Yu , Tang Tao , Hongwei Xie , Zhiwei Lin , Zhongwei Wu , Zhongyu Xia , Tingting Liang , Haiyang Sun , Jiong Deng , Dayang Hao , Yongtao Wang , Xiaodan Liang , Bing Wang

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a powerful technique for real-time LiDAR and camera synthesis in autonomous driving simulation. However, simulating LiDAR with 3DGS remains challenging for extrapolated views beyond the training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yiming Huang , Xin Kang , Sipeng Zhang , Hongliang Ren , Weihua Zhang , Junjie Lai

With the ability of providing direct and accurate enough range measurements, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is playing an essential role in localization and detection for autonomous vehicles. Since single LiDAR suffers from hardware…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Yusheng Wang , Yidong Lou , Weiwei Song , Huan Yu , Zhiyong Tu

One of the main paths towards the reduction of traffic accidents is the increase in vehicle safety through driver assistance systems or even systems with a complete level of autonomy. In these types of systems, tasks such as obstacle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Felipe Manfio Barbosa , Fernando Santos Osório

Autonomous driving has been among the most popular and challenging topics in the past few years. On the road to achieving full autonomy, researchers have utilized various sensors, such as LiDAR, camera, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Zhibin Bao , Sabir Hossain , Haoxiang Lang , Xianke Lin

LiDAR is crucial for robust 3D scene perception in autonomous driving. LiDAR perception has the largest body of literature after camera perception. However, multi-task learning across tasks like detection, segmentation, and motion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sambit Mohapatra , Senthil Yogamani , Varun Ravi Kumar , Stefan Milz , Heinrich Gotzig , Patrick Mäder

In a level-5 autonomous driving system, the autonomous driving vehicles (AVs) are expected to sense the surroundings via analyzing a large amount of data captured by a variety of onboard sensors in near-real-time. As a result, enormous…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Bo Yang , Xuelin Cao , Kai Xiong , Chau Yuen , Yong Liang Guan , Supeng Leng , Lijun Qian , Zhu Han

In Autonomous Driving (AD), detection and tracking of obstacles on the roads is a critical task. Deep-learning based methods using annotated LiDAR data have been the most widely adopted approach for this. Unfortunately, annotating 3D point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Jin Fang , Dingfu Zhou , Feilong Yan , Tongtong Zhao , Feihu Zhang , Yu Ma , Liang Wang , Ruigang Yang

Autonomous driving needs various line-of-sight sensors to perceive surroundings that could be impaired under diverse environment uncertainties such as visual occlusion and extreme weather. To improve driving safety, we explore to wirelessly…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Qiang Liu , Tao Han , Jiang , Xie , BaekGyu Kim