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An optical probe of cesium Rydberg atoms generated in a thermal vapor cell is used to retrieve a baseband signal modulated onto a 16.98-GHz carrier wave in real-time, demonstrating an atom-based quantum receiver suitable for microwave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-25 Yuechun Jiao , Xiaoxuan Han , Jiabei Fan , Georg Raithel , Jianming Zhao , Suotang Jia

With the re-definition of the International System of Units (SI) that occurred in October of 2018, there has recently been a great deal of attention on the development of atom-based sensors for metrology applications. In particular, great…

Rydberg quantum sensors are sensitive to radio-frequency fields across an ultra-wide frequency range spanning megahertz to terahertz electromagnetic waves resonant with Rydberg atom dipole transitions. Here we demonstrate an atomic…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-07-12 Remy Legaie , Georg Raithel , David A. Anderson

We use a quantum sensor based on thermal Rydberg atoms to receive data encoded in electromagnetic fields in the extreme electrically small regime, with a sensing volume over $10^7$ times smaller than the cube of the electric field…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-09-19 Kevin C. Cox , David H. Meyer , Fredrik K. Fatemi , Paul D. Kunz

Quantum sensing using Rydberg atoms offers unprecedented opportunities for next-generation radar systems, transcending classical limitations in miniaturization and spectral agility. Implementing this paradigm for radar sensing, this work…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Minze Chen , Tianqi Mao , Zhiao Zhu , Haonan Feng , Ge Gao , Zhonghuai Wu , Wei Xiao , Zhongxiang Li , Dezhi Zheng

Detecting microwave signals over a wide frequency range has numerous advantages as it enables simultaneous transmission of a large amount of information and access to more spectrum resources. This capability is crucial for applications such…

Rydberg atoms exhibit remarkable sensitivity to electromagnetic fields, making them promising candidates for revolutionizing field sensors. Unlike conventional antennas, they neither disturb the measured field nor necessitate intricate…

Rydberg atomic receivers hold extremely high sensitivity to electric fields, yet their effective 3-dB baseband bandwidth under conventional electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is typically constrained to tens to a few hundreds of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Yuanbin Chen , Chau Yuen , Chong Meng Samson See

Realization of practical terahertz wireless communications still faces many challenges. The receiver with high sensitivity is important for THz wireless communications. Here we demonstrate a terahertz receiver based on the cesium Rydberg…

The advancement of Rydberg atoms in quantum sensing is driving a paradigm shift from classical receivers to atomic receivers. Capitalizing on the extreme sensitivity of Rydberg atoms to external disturbance, atomic receivers can measure…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Mingyao Cui , Qunsong Zeng , Kaibin Huang

In this article we describe the basic principles of Rydberg atom-based RF sensing and present the development of atomic pulsed RF detection and RF phase sensing establishing capabilities pertinent to applications in communications and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-12 David Alexander Anderson , Rachel Elizabeth Sapiro , Georg Raithel

Rydberg-atom receivers aim for ultra-high sensitivity to microwave fields through various techniques, but receiving satellite signals has remained a significant challenge, due to the difficulty of capturing weak microwaves over long…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 Mignwei Lei , Jianquan Zhang , Qun Luo , Zhentao Zhang , Ming Wang , Meng Shi

The exploitation of sub-MHz (\textless 1 MHz) can be beneficial for a plethora of applications like underwater vehicular communication, subsurface exploration, low-frequency navigation etc. The traditional electrical receivers in this band…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-24 Minze Chen , Tianqi Mao , Wei Xiao , Zhonghuai Wu , Dapeng Li , Mingyao Cui , Qunsong Zeng , Dezhi Zheng , Kaibin Huang , Zhaocheng Wang

The four-level heterodyne Rydberg atom receiver has garnered significant attention in microwave detection and communication due to its high sensitivity and phase measurement capabilities. Existing theoretical studies, primarily based on…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Yu Tang , Siyuan Wang , Shuang Ren , Chuang Yang , Hanbin Zhou , Chenxi Lu

Quantum sensing has attracted significant attention due to its ability to measure physical quantities with extremely high accuracy. Rydberg atoms - typically alkali atoms with a highly excited valence electron that is far from the nucleus -…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Javane Rostampoor , Raviraj Adve

Rydberg atomic receivers (RARs) leverage the quantum coherence of highly excited atoms to overcome the intrinsic physical limitations of conventional radio frequency receivers (RFRs), particularly in sensitivity, and bandwidth. This…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-01 Yin Zhang , Jiayi Zhang , Bokai Xu , Yuanbin Chen , Zhilong Liu , Jiakang Zheng , Enyu Shi , Ziheng Liu , Tierui Gong , Wei E. I. Sha , Chau Yuen , Shi Jin , Bo Ai

The Rydberg atomic quantum receivers (RAQR) are emerging quantum precision sensing platforms designed for receiving radio frequency (RF) signals. It relies on creation of Rydberg atoms from normal atoms by exciting one or more electrons to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Tierui Gong , Aveek Chandra , Chau Yuen , Yong Liang Guan , Rainer Dumke , Chong Meng Samson See , Mérouane Debbah , Lajos Hanzo

Radio communication through attenuating media necessitates the use of very-low frequency (VLF) and ultra-low frequency (ULF) carrier bands, which are frequently used in underwater and under-ground communication applications. Quantum sensing…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-03-09 Stuart J. Ingleby , Iain C. Chalmers , Terry E. Dyer , Paul F. Griffin , Erling Riis

Rydberg atoms in a gas form are highly sensitive electric field probes capable of detecting and measuring the amplitude, phase, and polarization of broadband time-varying signals. Here, we present the performance of a frequency modulated…

Since its theoretical sensitivity is limited by quantum noise, radio wave sensing based on Rydberg atoms has the potential to replace its traditional counterparts with higher sensitivity and has developed rapidly in recent years. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-20 Zheng Wang , Mingyong Jing , Peng Zhang , Shaoxin Yuan , Hao Zhang , Linjie Zhang , Liantuan Xiao , Suotang Jia
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