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Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have improved the quality of several non-safety related products in the past years. However, before DNNs should be deployed to safety-critical applications, their robustness needs to be systematically analyzed. A…

Despite impressive capabilities and outstanding performance, deep neural networks (DNNs) have captured increasing public concern about their security problems, due to their frequently occurred erroneous behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Haibo Jin , Ruoxi Chen , Haibin Zheng , Jinyin Chen , Yao Cheng , Yue Yu , Xianglong Liu

Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful tool for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ship classification. This survey comprehensively analyzes the diverse DL techniques employed in this domain. We identify critical trends and challenges,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ch Muhammad Awais , Marco Reggiannini , Davide Moroni , Emanuele Salerno

Evaluation of Bayesian deep learning (BDL) methods is challenging. We often seek to evaluate the methods' robustness and scalability, assessing whether new tools give `better' uncertainty estimates than old ones. These evaluations are…

Deep Learning (DL) is vulnerable to out-of-distribution and adversarial examples resulting in incorrect outputs. To make DL more robust, several posthoc (or runtime) anomaly detection techniques to detect (and discard) these anomalous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Saikiran Bulusu , Bhavya Kailkhura , Bo Li , Pramod K. Varshney , Dawn Song

Deep Learning (DL) , a variant of the neural network algorithms originally proposed in the 1980s, has made surprising progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), ranging from language translation, protein folding, autonomous cars, and more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Stephen Josè Hanson , Vivek Yadav , Catherine Hanson

Testing of deep learning models is challenging due to the excessive number and complexity of computations involved. As a result, test data selection is performed manually and in an ad hoc way. This raises the question of how we can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Wei Ma , Mike Papadakis , Anestis Tsakmalis , Maxime Cordy , Yves Le Traon

Deep Learning Systems (DLSs) have been widely applied in safety-critical tasks such as autopilot. However, when a perturbed input is fed into a DLS for inference, the DLS often has incorrect outputs (i.e., faults). DLS testing techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Dong Huang , Tsz On Li , Xiaofei Xie , Heming Cui

Regularization plays a vital role in the context of deep learning by preventing deep neural networks from the danger of overfitting. This paper proposes a novel deep learning regularization method named as DL-Reg, which carefully reduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Maryam Dialameh , Ali Hamzeh , Hossein Rahmani

Deep learning (DL) defines a data-driven programming paradigm that automatically composes the system decision logic from the training data. In company with the data explosion and hardware acceleration during the past decade, DL achieves…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Xiaoning Du , Xiaofei Xie , Yi Li , Lei Ma , Jianjun Zhao , Yang Liu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown success in diverse domains such as robotics, computer games, and recommendation systems. However, like any other software system, DRL-based software systems are susceptible to faults that pose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Rached Bouchoucha , Ahmed Haj Yahmed , Darshan Patil , Janarthanan Rajendran , Amin Nikanjam , Sarath Chandar , Foutse Khomh

The field of Deep Learning (DL) has undergone explosive growth during the last decade, with a substantial impact on Natural Language Processing (NLP) as well. Yet, compared to more established disciplines, a lack of common experimental…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) play a crucial role in the field of artificial intelligence, and their security-related testing has been a prominent research focus. By inputting test cases, the behavior of models is examined for anomalies, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Wenkai Li , Xiaoqi Li , Yingjie Mao , Yishun Wang

Deep Learning (DL) has had an immense success in the recent past, leading to state-of-the-art results in various domains such as image recognition and natural language processing. One of the reasons for this success is the increasing size…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Ruben Mayer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

With the rise in the wholesale adoption of Deep Learning (DL) models in nearly all aspects of society, a unique set of challenges is imposed. Primarily centered around the architectures of these models, these risks pose a significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jamal Al-Karaki , Muhammad Al-Zafar Khan , Mostafa Mohamad , Dababrata Chowdhury

Q-learning methods represent a commonly used class of algorithms in reinforcement learning: they are generally efficient and simple, and can be combined readily with function approximators for deep reinforcement learning (RL). However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Justin Fu , Aviral Kumar , Matthew Soh , Sergey Levine

With the increasing adoption of Deep Learning (DL) for critical tasks, such as autonomous driving, the evaluation of the quality of systems that rely on DL has become crucial. Once trained, DL systems produce an output for any arbitrary…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Vincenzo Riccio , Paolo Tonella

Deep learning (DL) is gaining popularity as a parameter estimation method for quantitative MRI. A range of competing implementations have been proposed, relying on either supervised or self-supervised learning. Self-supervised approaches,…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-01-24 Sean C. Epstein , Timothy J. P. Bray , Margaret Hall-Craggs , Hui Zhang

Vulnerability detectors based on deep learning (DL) models have proven their effectiveness in recent years. However, the shroud of opacity surrounding the decision-making process of these detectors makes it difficult for security analysts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Baijun Cheng , Shengming Zhao , Kailong Wang , Meizhen Wang , Guangdong Bai , Ruitao Feng , Yao Guo , Lei Ma , Haoyu Wang

Software vulnerability detection is critical in software security because it identifies potential bugs in software systems, enabling immediate remediation and mitigation measures to be implemented before they may be exploited. Automatic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Nima Shiri Harzevili , Alvine Boaye Belle , Junjie Wang , Song Wang , Zhen Ming , Jiang , Nachiappan Nagappan