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A distinction has been drawn in fair machine learning research between `group' and `individual' fairness measures. Many technical research papers assume that both are important, but conflicting, and propose ways to minimise the trade-offs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Reuben Binns

We study the problem of fairness in k-centers clustering on data with disjoint demographic groups. Specifically, this work proposes a variant of fairness which restricts each group's number of centers with both a lower bound…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Huy Lê Nguyen , Thy Nguyen , Matthew Jones

Ensuring fairness in algorithmic ranking systems is a critical challenge with significant societal implications for hiring, recommendations, web search, and data management. Standard methods for aggregating multiple preference orders into a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Diptarka Chakraborty , Arya Mazumdar , Barna Saha , Alvin Hong Yao Yan

The seminal work of Dwork {\em et al.} [ITCS 2012] introduced a metric-based notion of individual fairness. Given a task-specific similarity metric, their notion required that every pair of similar individuals should be treated similarly.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Guy N. Rothblum , Gal Yona

Ensuring fairness in machine learning algorithms is a challenging and essential task. We consider the problem of clustering a set of points while satisfying fairness constraints. While there have been several attempts to capture group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Debajyoti Kar , Mert Kosan , Debmalya Mandal , Sourav Medya , Arlei Silva , Palash Dey , Swagato Sanyal

The issue of fairness in AI arises from discriminatory practices in applications like job recommendations and risk assessments, emphasising the need for algorithms that do not discriminate based on group characteristics. This concern is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Fengjuan Jia , Mengxiao Zhang , Jiamou Liu , Bakh Khoussainov

Algorithmic fairness involves expressing notions such as equity, or reasonable treatment, as quantifiable measures that a machine learning algorithm can optimise. Most work in the literature to date has focused on classification problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Daniel Steinberg , Alistair Reid , Simon O'Callaghan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing and learning from complex data structured as graphs, demonstrating remarkable effectiveness in various applications, such as social network analysis, recommendation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Duna Zhan , Dongliang Guo , Pengsheng Ji , Sheng Li

Algorithmic fairness is typically studied from the perspective of predictions. Instead, here we investigate fairness from the perspective of recourse actions suggested to individuals to remedy an unfavourable classification. We propose two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Julius von Kügelgen , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Umang Bhatt , Isabel Valera , Adrian Weller , Bernhard Schölkopf

In real world datasets, particular groups are under-represented, much rarer than others, and machine learning classifiers will often preform worse on under-represented populations. This problem is aggravated across many domains where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Arghya Datta , S. Joshua Swamidass

Traditional ranking algorithms are designed to retrieve the most relevant items for a user's query, but they often inherit biases from data that can unfairly disadvantage vulnerable groups. Fairness in information access systems (IAS) is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Thomas Jaenich , Alejandro Moreo , Alessandro Fabris , Graham McDonald , Andrea Esuli , Iadh Ounis , Fabrizio Sebastiani

Fairness holds a pivotal role in the realm of machine learning, particularly when it comes to addressing groups categorised by protected attributes, e.g., gender, race. Prevailing algorithms in fair learning predominantly hinge on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Quan Zhou , Jakub Marecek

Machine learning systems are notoriously prone to biased predictions about certain demographic groups, leading to algorithmic fairness issues. Due to privacy concerns and data quality problems, some demographic information may not be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yingtao Luo , Zhixun Li , Qiang Liu , Jun Zhu

The use of algorithmic decision making systems in domains which impact the financial, social, and political well-being of people has created a demand for these decision making systems to be "fair" under some accepted notion of equity. This…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Andrew Estornell , Sanmay Das , Yang Liu , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

This study examines issues of algorithmic fairness in the context of systems that inform tax audit selection by the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS). While the field of algorithmic fairness has developed primarily around notions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Emily Black , Hadi Elzayn , Alexandra Chouldechova , Jacob Goldin , Daniel E. Ho

Many existing fairness criteria for machine learning involve equalizing some metric across protected groups such as race or gender. However, practitioners trying to audit or enforce such group-based criteria can easily face the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Serena Wang , Wenshuo Guo , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Andrew Cotter , Maya Gupta , Michael I. Jordan

A supervised machine learning algorithm determines a model from a learning sample that will be used to predict new observations. To this end, it aggregates individual characteristics of the observations of the learning sample. But this…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-02-21 Samuele Centorrino , Jean-Pierre Florens , Jean-Michel Loubes

Representation learning is increasingly applied to generate representations that generalize well across multiple downstream tasks. Ensuring fairness guarantees in representation learning is crucial to prevent unfairness toward specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yuhong Luo , Austin Hoag , Xintong Wang , Philip S. Thomas , Przemyslaw A. Grabowicz

There has been much interest recently in developing fair clustering algorithms that seek to do justice to the representation of groups defined along sensitive attributes such as race and gender. We observe that clustering algorithms could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Stanley Simoes , Deepak P , Muiris MacCarthaigh

The analysis of discrimination has long interested economists and lawyers. In recent years, the literature in computer science and machine learning has become interested in the subject, offering an interesting re-reading of the topic. These…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-12-21 Arthur Charpentier