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Related papers: Dust segregation in Hall-dominated turbulent proto…

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High-resolution ALMA observations have revealed asymmetric dust crescents in several protoplanetary disks, suggesting efficient dust trapping mechanisms potentially linked to gas vortices. While such features have been associated with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-26 Lizxandra Flores-Rivera , Natascha Manger , Michiel Lambrechts , Mario Flock , Sebastian Lorek , Anders Johansen , Hubert Klahr

Previous models of dust growth in protoplanetary disks considered either uniformly laminar or turbulent disks. This Letter explores how dust growth occurs in a layered protoplanetary disk in which the magnetorotational instability generates…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Fred J. Ciesla

The planet-forming region of protoplanetary disks is cold, dense, and therefore weakly ionized. For this reason, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is thought to be mostly absent, and another mechanism has to be found to explain gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-05 William Béthune , Geoffroy Lesur , Jonathan Ferreira

Rings and gaps are commonly observed in the dust continuum emission of young stellar disks. Previous studies have shown that substructures naturally develop in the weakly ionized gas of magnetized, non-ideal MHD disks. The gas rings are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Xiao Hu , Zhi-Yun Li , Zhaohuan Zhu , Chao-Chin Yang

Protoplanetary disks often appear as multiple concentric rings in dust continuum emission maps and scattered light images. These features are often associated with possible young planets in these disks. Many non-planetary explanations have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-24 C. P. Dullemond , A. B. T. Penzlin

Observations suggest that protoplanetary disks have moderate accretion rates onto the central young star, especially at early stages (e.g. HL Tau), indicating moderate disk turbulence. However, recent ALMA observations suggest that dust is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-24 Hans Baehr , Zhaohuan Zhu

Dust concentration in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is the first step towards planetesimal formation, a crucial yet highly uncertain stage in planet formation. Although the streaming instability (SI) is widely recognized as a powerful…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Pinghui Huang , Xue-Ning Bai

The inner regions of protoplanetary disks are host to the sublimation of dust grains, a process traditionally modeled using equilibrium thermodynamics. We demonstrate through ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-16 Sheng Xu , Lile Wang , Luis C. Ho , Renyue Cen , Shenzhen Xu

Large-scale vertical magnetic fields are believed to play a key role in the evolution of protoplanetary discs. Associated with non-ideal effects, such as ambipolar diffusion, they are known to launch a wind that could drive accretion in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-22 A. Riols , G. Lesur , F. Menard

The vertical distribution of pebbles in protoplanetary disks is a fundamental property influencing planet formation, from dust aggregation to the assembly of planetary cores. In the outer region of protoplanetary disks, the intensity of the…

Aims. The initial stages of planet formation may start concurrently with the formation of a gas-dust protoplanetary disk. This makes the study of the earliest stages of protoplanetary disk formation crucially important. Here we focus on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-05 Eduard Vorobyov , Igor Kulikov , Vardan Elbakyan , James McKevitt , Manuel Guedel

The size and density of dust grains determine their response to gas drag in protoplanetary discs. Aerodynamical (size x density) sorting is one of the proposed mechanisms to explain the grain properties and chemical fractionation of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-31 Francesco C. Pignatale , Jean-François Gonzalez , Nicolas Cuello , Bernard Bourdon , Caroline Fitoussi

Dust substructures observed in protoplanetary disks are commonly attributed to embedded planets; however, intrinsic gas-dust interactions can also generate complex morphologies. We performed two-dimensional, axisymmetric simulations of gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-28 Jiaqing Bi , Mario Flock , Dominik Ostertag , Neele Lüttkemöller , Sebastian Wolf

We investigate the evolution of dust and gas in the vicinity of local pressure enhancements (pressure bumps) in a protoplanetary disc (PPD) with turbulence due to the Vertical Shear Instability (VSI). We perform global 2D axisymmetric and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-14 Marius Lehmann , Min-Kai Lin

Gravitational instability (GI) controls the dynamics of young massive protoplanetary discs. Apart from facilitating gas accretion on to the central protostar, it must also impact on the process of planet formation: directly through…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-11 A. Riols , B. Roux , H. Latter , G. Lesur

Hydrodynamic instabilities likely operate in protoplanetary disks. One candidate, Convective Overstability (COS), can be triggered in regions with a negative radial entropy gradient. The ensuing turbulence and flow structures are expected…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-20 Min-Kai Lin , Marius Lehmann

Magnetic fields have been shown both observationally and through theoretical work to be an important factor in the formation of protostars and their accretion disks. Accurate modelling of the evolution of the magnetic field in…

Stars form in dense cores of molecular clouds that are observed to be significantly magnetized. A dynamically important magnetic field presents a significant obstacle to the formation of protostellar disks. Recent studies have shown that…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Ruben Krasnopolsky , Zhi-Yun Li , Hsien Shang

Signposts of early planet formation are ubiquitous in substructured young discs. Dense, hot and high-pressure regions formed during gravitational collapse process, integral to star formation, facilitate dynamical mixing of dust within the…

Over the last years, large (sub-)millimetre surveys of protoplanetary disks have well constrained the demographics of disks, such as their millimetre luminosities, spectral indices, and disk radii. Additionally, several high-resolution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-14 Jochen Stadler , Matías Gárate , Paola Pinilla , Christian Lenz , Cornelis P. Dullemond , Til Birnstiel , Sebastian M. Stammler