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A complete formalism for constructing initial data representing black-hole binaries in quasi-equilibrium is developed. Radiation reaction prohibits, in general, true equilibrium binary configurations. However, when the timescale for orbital…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Gregory B. Cook

We solve the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints of general relativity for two black holes with nearly extremal spins and relativistic boosts in the puncture formalism. We use a non-conformally-flat ansatz with an attenuated superposition…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-01 Ian Ruchlin , James Healy , Carlos O. Lousto , Yosef Zlochower

We compare the results of constructing binary black hole initial data with three different decompositions of the constraint equations of general relativity. For each decomposition we compute the initial data using a superposition of two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Harald P. Pfeiffer , Gregory B. Cook , Saul A. Teukolsky

We present a new approach for setting initial Cauchy data for multiple black hole spacetimes. The method is based upon adopting an initially Kerr-Schild form of the metric. In the case of non-spinning holes, the constraint equations take a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 Nigel T. Bishop , Richard Isaacson , Manoj Maharaj , Jeffrey Winicour

The standard approach to the numerical evolution of black hole data using the ADM formulation with maximal slicing and vanishing shift is extended to non-symmetric black hole data containing black holes with linear momentum and spin by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Bernd Bruegmann

We present a new initial data formulation to solve the full set of Einstein equations for spacetimes that contain a black hole under general conditions. The method can be used to construct complete initial data for spacetimes (the full…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-06 Antonios Tsokaros , Kōji Uryū , Stuart L. Shapiro

When numerically solving Einstein's equations for binary black holes (BBH), we must find initial data on a three-dimensional spatial slice by solving constraint equations. The construction of initial data is a multi-step process, in which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-19 Iago B. Mendes , Nils L. Vu , Oliver Long , Harald P. Pfeiffer , Robert Owen

Binary boson stars can be used to model the nonlinear dynamics and gravitational wave signals of merging ultracompact, but horizonless, objects. However, doing so requires initial data satisfying the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-05 Nils Siemonsen , William E. East

We consider a series of distorted black hole initial data sets, and develop techniques to evolve them using the linearized equations of motion for the gravitational wave perturbations on a Schwarzschild background. We apply this to 2D and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Gabrielle Allen , Karen Camarda , Edward Seidel

We revisit the construction of puncture black hole initial data in the conformal thin-sandwich decomposition of Einstein's constraint equations. It has been shown previously that this approach cannot yield quasiequilibrium wormhole data,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-30 Thomas W. Baumgarte

Double-null coordinates are highly useful in numerical simulations of dynamical spherically-symmetric black holes (BHs). However, they become problematic in long-time simulations: Along the event horizon, the truncation error grows…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-01-20 Ehud Eilon , Amos Ori

A general relativistic, stationary and axisymmetric black hole in a four-dimensional asymptotically-flat spacetime is fully determined by its mass, angular momentum and electric charge. The expectation that astrophysically relevant black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-19 Gabriele Bozzola , Vasileios Paschalidis

Initial data for numerical evolutions of binary-black holes have been dominated by "conformally flat" (CF) data (i.e., initial data where the conformal background metric is chosen to be flat) because they are easy to construct. However, CF…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-11-15 Bryant Garcia , Geoffrey Lovelace , Lawrence E. Kidder , Michael Boyle , Saul A. Teukolsky , Mark A. Scheel , Bela Szilagyi

Spinning black holes in dynamical Einstein-Chern-Simons gravity are constructed by directly solving the field equations, without resorting to any perturbative expansion. This model is obtained by adding to the Einstein-Hilbert action a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-24 Terence Delsate , Carlos Herdeiro , Eugen Radu

There is a significant possibility that astrophysical black holes with nearly-extremal spins exist. Numerical simulations of such systems require suitable initial data. In this paper, we examine three methods of constructing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-23 Geoffrey Lovelace , Robert Owen , Harald P. Pfeiffer , Tony Chu

We extend a new finite element code, Einstein PHG (iPHG), to solve the evolution part of Einstein equations in first-order GH formalism. This paper is the third one of a systematic investigation of applying adaptive finite element method to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-18 Li-Wei Ji , Rong-Gen Cai , Zhoujian Cao

The most popular method to construct initial data for black-hole-binary simulations is the puncture method, in which compactified wormholes are given linear and angular momentum via the Bowen-York extrinsic curvature. When these data are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-14 Mark Hannam , Sascha Husa , Niall Ó Murchadha

We present an approximate metric for a binary black hole spacetime to construct initial data for numerical relativity. This metric is obtained by asymptotically matching a post-Newtonian metric for a binary system to a perturbed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Nicolas Yunes , Wolfgang Tichy , Benjamin J. Owen , Bernd Bruegmann

Motivated by a geometric understanding of the angular velocity of a Kerr black hole in terms of a quasi-conformal map that describes a 2d Beltrami fluid flow, a new way to construct initial data sets for binary rotating black holes by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-13 Shuanglin Huang , Xuefeng Feng , Yun-Kau Lau

The deviations of non-linear perturbations of black holes from the linear case are important in the context of ringdown signals with large signal-to-noise ratio. To facilitate a comparison between the two we derive several results of linear…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-15 Maitraya K Bhattacharyya , David Hilditch , K Rajesh Nayak , Hannes R. Rüter , Bernd Bruegmann