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Related papers: Gaussian Word Embedding with a Wasserstein Distanc…

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Majority of the text modelling techniques yield only point-estimates of document embeddings and lack in capturing the uncertainty of the estimates. These uncertainties give a notion of how well the embeddings represent a document. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Santosh Kesiraju , Oldřich Plchot , Lukáš Burget , Suryakanth V Gangashetty

We introduce a distributionally robust maximum likelihood estimation model with a Wasserstein ambiguity set to infer the inverse covariance matrix of a $p$-dimensional Gaussian random vector from $n$ independent samples. The proposed model…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-21 Viet Anh Nguyen , Daniel Kuhn , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani

The adapted Wasserstein distance is a metric for quantifying distributional uncertainty and assessing the sensitivity of stochastic optimization problems on time series data. A computationally efficient alternative to it, is provided by the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Beatrice Acciaio , Songyan Hou , Gudmund Pammer

To improve word representation learning, we propose a probabilistic prior which can be seamlessly integrated with word embedding models. Different from previous methods, word embedding is taken as a probabilistic generative model, and it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Shaogang Ren , Dingcheng Li , Ping Li

We propose a novel approach for comparing distributions whose supports do not necessarily lie on the same metric space. Unlike Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance which compares pairwise distances of elements from each distribution, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-23 Mokhtar Z. Alaya , Maxime Bérar , Gilles Gasso , Alain Rakotomamonjy

Word embeddings allow natural language processing systems to share statistical information across related words. These embeddings are typically based on distributional statistics, making it difficult for them to generalize to rare or unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Parminder Bhatia , Robert Guthrie , Jacob Eisenstein

Word Embeddings are used widely in multiple Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. They are coordinates associated with each word in a dictionary, inferred from statistical properties of these words in a large corpus. In this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Adam Sutton , Nello Cristianini

Generalized sliced Wasserstein distance is a variant of sliced Wasserstein distance that exploits the power of non-linear projection through a given defining function to better capture the complex structures of the probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-20 Dung Le , Huy Nguyen , Khai Nguyen , Trang Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Deep neural networks achieve superior performance in semantic segmentation, but are limited to a predefined set of classes, which leads to failures when they encounter unknown objects in open-world scenarios. Recognizing and segmenting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Arnold Brosch , Abdelrahman Eldesokey , Michael Felsberg , Kira Maag

Wasserstein distances form a family of metrics on spaces of probability measures that have recently seen many applications. However, statistical analysis in these spaces is complex due to the nonlinearity of Wasserstein spaces. One…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-18 Michael Wilson , Tom Needham , Anuj Srivastava

Word embeddings have been found to capture a surprisingly rich amount of syntactic and semantic knowledge. However, it is not yet sufficiently well-understood how the relational knowledge that is implicitly encoded in word embeddings can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Zied Bouraoui , Shoaib Jameel , Steven Schockaert

Boundary discontinuity and its inconsistency to the final detection metric have been the bottleneck for rotating detection regression loss design. In this paper, we propose a novel regression loss based on Gaussian Wasserstein distance as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Xue Yang , Junchi Yan , Qi Ming , Wentao Wang , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian

Word embedding methods revolve around learning continuous distributed vector representations of words with neural networks, which can capture semantic and/or syntactic cues, and in turn be used to induce similarity measures among words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Kuan-Yu Chen , Shih-Hung Liu , Berlin Chen , Hsin-Min Wang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Ensembling word embeddings to improve distributed word representations has shown good success for natural language processing tasks in recent years. These approaches either carry out straightforward mathematical operations over a set of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-14 James O' Neill , Danushka Bollegala

In this paper we propose tight upper and lower bounds for the Wasserstein distance between any two {{univariate continuous distributions}} with probability densities $p_1$ and $p_2$ having nested supports. These explicit bounds are…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-10-21 Christophe Ley , Gesine Reinert , Yvik Swan

Self-supervised learning is one of the most promising approaches to acquiring knowledge from limited labeled data. Despite the substantial advancements made in recent years, self-supervised models have posed a challenge to practitioners, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Franciskus Xaverius Erick , Mina Rezaei , Johanna Paula Müller , Bernhard Kainz

As a fundamental task in natural language processing, word embedding converts each word into a representation in a vector space. A challenge with word embedding is that as the vocabulary grows, the vector space's dimension increases, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jintang Xue , Yun-Cheng Wang , Chengwei Wei , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Understanding the space of probability measures on a metric space equipped with a Wasserstein distance is one of the fundamental questions in mathematical analysis. The Wasserstein metric has received a lot of attention in the machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Arijit Sehanobish , Neal Ravindra , David van Dijk

Many applications in machine learning involve data represented as probability distributions. The emergence of such data requires radically novel techniques to design tractable gradient flows on probability distributions over this type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Clément Bonet , Christophe Vauthier , Anna Korba

We study the problem of quantifying how far an empirical distribution deviates from Gaussianity under the framework of optimal transport. By exploiting the cone geometry of the relative translation invariant quadratic Wasserstein space, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Binshuai Wang , Peng Wei