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Patronizing and condescending language (PCL) has a large harmful impact and is difficult to detect, both for human judges and existing NLP systems. At SemEval-2022 Task 4, we propose a novel Transformer-based model and its ensembles to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Dou Hu , Mengyuan Zhou , Xiyang Du , Mengfei Yuan , Meizhi Jin , Lianxin Jiang , Yang Mo , Xiaofeng Shi

Self-reflection enables language agents to iteratively refine solutions, yet often produces repetitive outputs that limit reasoning performance. Recent studies have attempted to address this limitation through various approaches, among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Tianjun Yao , Yongqiang Chen , Yujia Zheng , Pan Li , Zhiqiang Shen , Kun Zhang

Prompt learning has emerged as a promising method for adapting pre-trained visual-language models (VLMs) to a range of downstream tasks. While optimizing the context can be effective for improving performance on specific tasks, it can often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Fangming Cui , Jan Fong , Rongfei Zeng , Xinmei Tian , Jun Yu

In this paper, we propose a novel neural approach for paraphrase generation. Conventional para- phrase generation methods either leverage hand-written rules and thesauri-based alignments, or use statistical machine learning principles. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-14 Aaditya Prakash , Sadid A. Hasan , Kathy Lee , Vivek Datla , Ashequl Qadir , Joey Liu , Oladimeji Farri

Natural language understanding programs get bogged down by the multiplicity of possible syntactic structures while processing real world texts that human understanders do not have much difficulty with. In this work, I analyze the…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Kavi Mahesh

Novel object captioning (NOC) aims to describe images containing objects without observing their ground truth captions during training. Due to the absence of caption annotation, captioning models cannot be directly optimized via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Cheng-Fu Yang , Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai , Wan-Cyuan Fan , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Louis-Philippe Morency , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Service robots are envisioned to undertake a wide range of tasks at the request of users. Semantic parsing is one way to convert natural language commands given to these robots into executable representations. Methods for creating semantic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Nick Walker , Yu-Tang Peng , Maya Cakmak

A semantic parser maps natural language commands (NLs) from the users to executable meaning representations (MRs), which are later executed in certain environment to obtain user-desired results. The fully-supervised training of such parser…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Ansong Ni , Pengcheng Yin , Graham Neubig

Long-context understanding is crucial for many NLP applications, yet transformers struggle with efficiency due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. Sparse attention methods alleviate this cost but often impose static, predefined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Hanzhi Zhang , Heng Fan , Kewei Sha , Yan Huang , Yunhe Feng

Semantic parsing is the task of translating natural language utterances into machine-readable meaning representations. Currently, most semantic parsing methods are not able to utilize contextual information (e.g. dialogue and comments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Zhuang Li , Lizhen Qu , Gholamreza Haffari

We introduce a novel approach to incorporate syntax into natural language inference (NLI) models. Our method uses contextual token-level vector representations from a pretrained dependency parser. Like other contextual embedders, our method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Deric Pang , Lucy H. Lin , Noah A. Smith

Paraphrasing is rooted in semantics. We show the effectiveness of transformers (Vaswani et al. 2017) for paraphrase generation and further improvements by incorporating PropBank labels via a multi-encoder. Evaluating on MSCOCO and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Su Wang , Rahul Gupta , Nancy Chang , Jason Baldridge

We present the parametric method SemSimp aimed at measuring semantic similarity of digital resources. SemSimp is based on the notion of information content, and it leverages a reference ontology and taxonomic reasoning, encompassing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Antonio De Nicola , Anna Formica , Michele Missikoff , Elaheh Pourabbas , Francesco Taglino

Annotation tools are the starting point for creating Natural Language Processing (NLP) datasets. There is a wide variety of tools available; setting up these tools is however a hindrance. We propose EEVEE, an annotation tool focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Axel Sorensen , Siyao Peng , Barbara Plank , Rob van der Goot

Generative large language models (LLMs) can be a powerful tool for augmenting text annotation procedures, but their performance varies across annotation tasks due to prompt quality, text data idiosyncrasies, and conceptual difficulty.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Nicholas Pangakis , Samuel Wolken , Neil Fasching

Recent progress on parse tree encoder for sentence representation learning is notable. However, these works mainly encode tree structures recursively, which is not conducive to parallelization. On the other hand, these works rarely take…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Junhua Ma , Jiajun Li , Yuxuan Liu , Shangbo Zhou , Xue Li

Sarcasm is a form of figurative language where the intended meaning of a sentence differs from its literal meaning. This poses a serious challenge to several Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as Sentiment Analysis, Opinion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Abdelkader El Mahdaouy , Abdellah El Mekki , Kabil Essefar , Abderrahman Skiredj , Ismail Berrada

The study investigates the efficacy of pre-trained language models (PLMs) in analyzing argumentative moves in a longitudinal learner corpus. Prior studies on argumentative moves often rely on qualitative analysis and manual coding, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Wenjuan Qin , Weiran Wang , Yuming Yang , Tao Gui

Training a spoken language understanding system, as the one in Alexa, typically requires a large human-annotated corpus of data. Manual annotations are expensive and time consuming. In Alexa Skill Kit (ASK) user experience with the skill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Alex Sokolov , Denis Filimonov

Semantic parsing has emerged as a significant and powerful paradigm for natural language interface and question answering systems. Traditional methods of building a semantic parser rely on high-quality lexicons, hand-crafted grammars and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-10 Liang Li , Pengyu Li , Yifan Liu , Tao Wan , Zengchang Qin