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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in text understanding and embedding tasks. However, their potential in multimodal representation, particularly for item-to-item (I2I) recommendations, remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Chao Zhang , Haoxin Zhang , Shiwei Wu , Di Wu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

In this work, we address the problem of learning an ensemble of specialist networks using multimodal data, while considering the realistic and challenging scenario of possible missing modalities at test time. Our goal is to leverage the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Nuno C. Garcia , Sarah Adel Bargal , Vitaly Ablavsky , Pietro Morerio , Vittorio Murino , Stan Sclaroff

Multimodal emotion recognition utilizes complete multimodal information and robust multimodal joint representation to gain high performance. However, the ideal condition of full modality integrity is often not applicable in reality and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Qi Fan , Hongyu Yuan , Haolin Zuo , Rui Liu , Guanglai Gao

As medical diagnoses increasingly leverage multimodal data, machine learning models are expected to effectively fuse heterogeneous information while remaining robust to missing modalities. In this work, we propose a novel multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yi Gu , Kuniaki Saito , Jiaxin Ma

Multimodal models often experience a significant performance drop when one or more modalities are missing during inference. To address this challenge, we propose a simple yet effective approach that enhances robustness to missing modalities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Md Kaykobad Reza , Ameya Patil , Mashhour Solh , M. Salman Asif

Traditional ID-based recommender systems often struggle with cold-start and generalization challenges. Multimodal recommendation systems, which leverage textual and visual data, offer a promising solution to mitigate these issues. However,…

Adapting Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) to real-world scenarios poses the dual challenges of learning from sequential data streams while handling frequent modality incompleteness, a task known as Continual Missing Modality Learning (CMML).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiwei Liu , Yulong Li , Feilong Tang , Imran Razzak

Multimodal machine learning with missing modalities is an increasingly relevant challenge arising in various applications such as healthcare. This paper extends the current research into missing modalities to the low-data regime, i.e., a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Zhuo Zhi , Ziquan Liu , Moe Elbadawi , Adam Daneshmend , Mine Orlu , Abdul Basit , Andreas Demosthenous , Miguel Rodrigues

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in recommendation systems. However, the effective application of MLLMs to multimodal sequential recommendation remains unexplored: A)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Haoyu Wang , Yitong Wang , Jining Wang

Recommender systems have become fundamental building blocks of modern online products and services, and have a substantial impact on user experience. In the past few years, deep learning methods have attracted a lot of research, and are now…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Davide Buffelli , Ashish Gupta , Agnieszka Strzalka , Vassilis Plachouras

Missing modalities cause severe failures in multimodal recommender systems. User histories, item text, and visual evidence are frequently absent during cold-start scenarios, exactly when recommendation quality matters most. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinze Wang , Yangchen Zeng , Tiehua Zhang , Lu Zhang , Yuze Liu , Zhishu Shen , Jiong Jin , Zhu Sun

Large-scale multimodal models have shown excellent performance over a series of tasks powered by the large corpus of paired multimodal training data. Generally, they are always assumed to receive modality-complete inputs. However, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Lianyu Hu , Tongkai Shi , Wei Feng , Fanhua Shang , Liang Wan

Cold start scenarios present fundamental obstacles to effective recommendation generation, particularly when dealing with users lacking interaction history or items with sparse metadata. This research proposes an innovative hybrid framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Nikita Zmanovskii

Many multimodal recommender systems have been proposed to exploit the rich side information associated with users or items (e.g., user reviews and item images) for learning better user and item representations to improve the recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Fan Liu , Huilin Chen , Zhiyong Cheng , Anan Liu , Liqiang Nie , Mohan Kankanhalli

Ophthalmologists typically require multimodal data sources to improve diagnostic accuracy in clinical decisions. However, due to medical device shortages, low-quality data and data privacy concerns, missing data modalities are common in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Chengzhi Liu , Zile Huang , Zhe Chen , Feilong Tang , Yu Tian , Zhongxing Xu , Zihong Luo , Yalin Zheng , Yanda Meng

In recommender systems, cold-start issues are situations where no previous events, e.g. ratings, are known for certain users or items. In this paper, we focus on the item cold-start problem. Both content information (e.g. item attributes)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Yu Zhu , Jinhao Lin , Shibi He , Beidou Wang , Ziyu Guan , Haifeng Liu , Deng Cai

Multimodal remote sensing classification often suffers from missing modalities caused by sensor failures and environmental interference, leading to severe performance degradation. In this work, we rethink missing-modality learning from a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Qinghao Gao , Jiahui Qu , Wenqian Dong

Missing modalities consistently lead to significant performance degradation in multimodal models. Existing approaches either synthesize missing modalities at high computational cost or apply prompt-based fine-tuning that relies only on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hongye Zhu , Xuan Liu , Yanwen Ba , Jingye Xue , Shigeng Zhang

This paper aims to address the challenge of sparse and missing data in recommendation systems, a significant hurdle in the age of big data. Traditional imputation methods struggle to capture complex relationships within the data. We propose…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Zhicheng Ding , Jiahao Tian , Zhenkai Wang , Jinman Zhao , Siyang Li

The lack of training data gives rise to the system cold-start problem in recommendation systems, making them struggle to provide effective recommendations. To address this problem, Large Language Models (LLMs) can model recommendation tasks…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Wenlin Zhang , Chuhan Wu , Xiangyang Li , Yuhao Wang , Kuicai Dong , Yichao Wang , Xinyi Dai , Xiangyu Zhao , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang