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We reduce the extra qubits needed for two fault-tolerant quantum computing protocols: error correction, specifically syndrome bit measurement, and cat state preparation. For distance-three fault-tolerant syndrome extraction, we show an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Prithviraj Prabhu , Ben W. Reichardt

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

A major challenge in fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is to reduce both space overhead -- the large number of physical qubits per logical qubit -- and time overhead -- the long physical gate sequences per logical gate. We prove…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-06 Shiro Tamiya , Masato Koashi , Hayata Yamasaki

A non-Clifford gate is required for universal quantum computation, and, typically, this is the most error-prone and resource intensive logical operation on an error-correcting code. Small, single-qubit rotations are popular choices for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-05 Ryuji Takagi , Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac L. Chuang

Atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) approaches to quantum computing are promising due to their increased connectivity, long coherence times and apparent scalability. However, they have a significantly reduced cadence of syndrome extraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-30 Mark L. Turner , Earl T. Campbell , Ophelia Crawford , Neil I. Gillespie , Joan Camps

Runtime optimization of the quantum computing within a given computational resource is important to achieve practical quantum advantage. In this paper, we propose a runtime reduction protocol for the lattice surgery, which utilizes the soft…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Yutaro Akahoshi , Riki Toshio , Jun Fujisaki , Hirotaka Oshima , Shintaro Sato , Keisuke Fujii

The threshold theorem is a fundamental result in the theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation stating that arbitrarily long quantum computations can be performed with a polylogarithmic overhead provided the noise level is below a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Omar Fawzi , Alexander Müller-Hermes , Ala Shayeghi

One of the critical challenges solid-state quantum processors face is the presence of fabrication imperfections and two-level systems, which render certain qubits and gates either inoperable or much noisier than tolerable by quantum error…

Erasure qubits constitute a promising approach for tackling the daunting resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computing. By heralding erasure errors, both the error-correction threshold and the sub-threshold scaling of the logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Shoham Jacoby , Yotam Vaknin , Alex Retzker , Arne L. Grimsmo

We propose a novel, distillation-free scheme for the fault-tolerant implementation of non-Clifford gates at the logical level, thereby completing the universal gate set. Our approach exploits generalized lattice surgery to integrate two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Yifei Wang , Yingfei Gu

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is a promising technique of protecting hybrid quantum-classical computation from decoherence, but it suffers from sampling overhead which erodes the computational speed. In this treatise, we provide a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Yifeng Xiong , Daryus Chandra , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

Quantum code surgery offers a flexible, low-overhead framework for executing logical measurements within quantum error-correcting codes. It encompasses several fault-tolerant logical computation schemes, including parallel surgery,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Andrew C. Yuan , Alexander Cowtan , Zhiyang He , Ting-Chun Lin , Dominic J. Williamson

Efficient constructions for quantum logic are essential since quantum computation is experimentally challenging. This thesis develops quantum logic synthesis as a paradigm for reducing the resource overhead in fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-29 N. Cody Jones

Quantum computing platforms are evolving to a point where placing high numbers of qubits into a single core comes with certain difficulties such as fidelity, crosstalk, and high power consumption of dense classical electronics. Utilizing…

The overhead cost of performing universal fault-tolerant quantum computation for large scale quantum algorithms is very high. Despite several attempts at alternative schemes, magic state distillation remains one of the most efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-30 Christopher Chamberland , Kyungjoo Noh

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction is essential for implementing quantum algorithms of significant practical importance. In this work, we propose a highly effective use of the surface-GKP code, i.e., the surface code consisting of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Kyungjoo Noh , Christopher Chamberland , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão

Quantum computers are expected to bring drastic acceleration to several computing tasks against classical computers. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, which have tens to hundreds of noisy physical qubits, are gradually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Yutaro Akahoshi , Kazunori Maruyama , Hirotaka Oshima , Shintaro Sato , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum computers show promise to solve select problems otherwise intractable on classical computers. However, noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era devices are currently prone to various sources of error. Quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Maxwell Poster , Sayam Sethi , Jonathan Baker

A number of exciting recent results have been seen in the field of quantum error correction. These include initial demonstrations of error correction on current quantum hardware, and resource estimates which improve understanding of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-27 Nick S. Blunt , György P. Gehér , Alexandra E. Moylett

Magic state distillation is a key component of fault-tolerant quantum computation, as it enables the implementation of non-Clifford gates such as the $T$ gate and the $CCZ$ gate via gate teleportation. However, conventional distillation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Tomohiro Itogawa , Yutaka Hirano , Yutaro Akahoshi , Keisuke Fujii