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Synchronisation of parallel grid-forming inverters is crucial for stable operation of future power systems. This includes accurate and robust reactive power sharing under realistic operating conditions such as impedance mismatch and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 E. D. Gomez Anccas , E. A. MacPherson , J. Tegeler , K. Röbert , M. Fischer , C. A. Hans , D. Schulz

We present a hierarchical optimization architecture for large-scale power networks that overcomes limitations of fully centralized and fully decentralized architectures. The architecture leverages principles of multigrid computing schemes,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-01 Sungho Shin , Philip Hart , Thomas Jahns , Victor M. Zavala

Power-based output feedback compensator for oscillatory systems is proposed. The average input-output power of an oscillatory signal serves as an equivalent control effort, while the unknown amplitude and frequency of oscillations are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Michael Ruderman

The traditional secondary frequency control of power systems restores nominal frequency by steering Area Control Errors (ACEs) to zero. Existing methods are a form of integral control with the characteristic that large control gain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-17 Kaihua Xi , Johan L. A. Dubbeldam , Hai Xiang Lin , Jan H. van Schuppen

This paper investigates transient performance of inverter-based microgrids in terms of the resistive power losses incurred in regulating frequency under persistent stochastic disturbances. We model the inverters as second-order oscillators…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-22 Emma Tegling , Martin Andreasson , John W. Simpson-Porco , Henrik Sandberg

This paper considers demand side management in smart power grid systems containing significant numbers of thermostatically controlled loads such as air conditioning systems, heat pumps, etc. Recent studies have shown that the overall power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-02-14 Jan Bendtsen , Srinivas Sridharan

Power electronic converters for integrating renewable energy resources into power systems can be divided into grid-forming and grid-following inverters. They possess certain similarities, but several important differences, which means that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-28 Yitong Li , Yunjie Gu , Timothy C. Green

In this article, we propose a nonlinear voltage control to ensure power exchange in a multiport interconnected system, which consists of a bidirectional DC-DC converter and generating-storing devices. The converter topology under…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-01 Felipe Morales , Rafael Cisneros , Romeo Ortega , Antonio Sanchez-Squella

This paper describes a hierarchical control scheme for interconnected systems. The higher layer of the control structure is designed with robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) based on a reduced order dynamic model of the overall system and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Marcello Farina , Xinglong Zhang , Riccardo Scattolini

The transition to a renewable energy system poses challenges for power grid operation and stability. Secondary control is key in restoring the power system to its reference following a disturbance. Underestimating the necessary control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Johannes Kruse , Benjamin Schäfer , Dirk Witthaut

One critical value microgrids bring to power systems is resilience, the capability of being able to island from the main grid under certain conditions and connect back when necessary. Once islanded, a microgrid must be synchronized to the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Di Shi , Xi Chen , Zhiwei Wang , Xiaohu Zhang , Zhe Yu , Xinan Wang , Desong Bian

Distribution systems are undergoing a dramatic transition from a passive circuit that routinely disseminates electric power among downstream nodes to the system with distributed energy resources. The distributed energy resources come in a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Ali Hassan , Yury Dvorkin , Deepjyoti Deka , Michael Chertkov

AI data center loads create query-driven power transients on millisecond timescales. Such loads can violate the timescale separation assumptions underlying internal inverter control of grid-following resources collocated with data centers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Miroslav Kosanic , Marija Ilic

This paper examines distribution systems with a high integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and addresses the design of local control methods for real-time voltage regulation. Particularly, the paper focuses on proportional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-27 Kyri Baker , Andrey Bernstein , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Changhong Zhao

The secondary control in direct current microgrids (MGs) is used to restore the voltage deviations caused by the primary droop control, where the latter is implemented locally in each distributed generator and reacts to load variations.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-09-26 Pietro Danzi , Cedomir Stefanovic , Lexuan Meng , Josep M. Guerrero , Petar Popovski

Smart devices, storage and other distributed technologies have the potential to greatly improve the utilisation of network infrastructure and renewable generation. Decentralised control of these technologies overcomes many scalability and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-30 Paul Scott , Sylvie Thiébaux

This work presents a hierarchical architecture for the optimal management of an ensemble of steam generators, which needs to jointly sustain a common load. The coordination of independent subsystems is provided by a multi-layer control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-23 Stefano Spinelli , Elia Longoni , Marcello Farina , Felix Petzke , Stefan Streif , Andrea Ballarino

This paper presents a hierarchical control scheme for interconnected linear systems. At the higher layer of the control structure a robust centralized Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm based on a reduced order dynamic model of the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Marcello Farina , Xinglong Zhang , Riccardo Scattolini

Improving distribution grid reliability is a major challenge for planning and operation of distribution systems having a high share of distributed generators (DGs). The rise of DGs share can lead to unplanned contingencies while on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-23 Sohail Khan , Sawsan Henein , Helfried Brunner

Integrating power electronics with batteries can offer many advantages, including load sharing and balancing with parallel connectivity. However, parallel batteries with differing voltages and power profiles can cause large circulating…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-25 Pouyan Pourhadi , Nima Tashakor , Mahdi Bayati , Stefan Goetz