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Understanding and decoding brain activity from electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience and AI, with applications in cognition, emotion recognition, diagnosis, and brain-computer interfaces. While…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yuchen Zhou , Jiamin Wu , Zichen Ren , Zhouheng Yao , Weiheng Lu , Kunyu Peng , Qihao Zheng , Chunfeng Song , Wanli Ouyang , Chao Gou

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) often suffer from limited robustness and poor long-term adaptability. Model performance rapidly degrades when user attention fluctuates, brain states shift over time, or irregular artifacts appear during…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Yeon-Woo Choi , Hye-Bin Shin , Dan Li

The electroencephalography (EEG) signal is a non-stationary, stochastic, and highly non-linear bioelectric signal for which achieving high classification accuracy is challenging, especially when the number of subjects is limited. As…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-03 Xiangyun Li , Peng Chen , Zhanpeng Bao

Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals suffer from multiple obstacles to reach a wide adoption in clinical settings for communication or rehabilitation. Among these challenges, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Hubert Cecotti , Rashmi Mrugank Shah , Raksha Jagadish , Toshihisa Tanaka

We propose a method to improve subject transfer in motor imagery BCIs by aligning covariance matrices on a Riemannian manifold, followed by computing a new common spatial patterns (CSP) based spatial filter. We explore various ways to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Tekin Gunasar , Virginia de Sa

Motor imagery classification based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals is one of the most important brain-computer interface applications, although it needs further improvement. Several methods have attempted to obtain useful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Takuto Fukushima , Ryusuke Miyamoto

Electroencephalography (EEG) classification plays a key role in brain-computer interface (BCI) systems, yet it remains challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, temporal variability of neural responses, and limited data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aryan Patodiya , Hubert Cecotti

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a neuroimaging technique that records brain neural activity with high temporal resolution. Unlike other methods, EEG does not require prohibitively expensive equipment and can be easily set up using…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Arash Akbarinia

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology enables direct communication between the brain and external devices through electroencephalography (EEG) signals. However, existing decoding models often mix common and personalized components,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-21 Xiaoyuan Li , Xinru Xue , Bohan Zhang , Ye Sun , Shoushuo Xi , Gang Liu

Dealing with irregular domains, graph signal processing (GSP) has attracted much attention especially in brain imaging analysis. Motor imagery tasks are extensively utilized in brain-computer interface (BCI) systems that perform…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-25 Maliheh Miri , Vahid Abootalebi , Hamid Behjat

The key to electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) lies in neural decoding, and its accuracy can be improved by using hybrid BCI paradigms, that is, fusing multiple paradigms. However, hybrid BCIs usually require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Wenwei Luo , Wanguang Yin , Quanying Liu , Youzhi Qu

In this paper, we analyze spatial sampling of electro- (EEG) magnetoencephalography (MEG), where the electric or magnetic field is typically sampled on a curved surface such as the scalp. Using simulated measurements, we study the…

Accurate, fast, and reliable multiclass classification of electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a challenging task towards the development of motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) systems. We propose enhancements to different…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-12-14 Michael Hersche , Tino Rellstab , Pasquale Davide Schiavone , Lukas Cavigelli , Luca Benini , Abbas Rahimi

This work proposes improvements in the electroencephalogram (EEG) recording protocols for motor imagery through the introduction of actual motor movement and/or somatosensory cues. The results obtained demonstrate the advantage of requiring…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-03-24 Jerrin Thomas Panachakel , Nandagopal Netrakanti Vinayak , Maanvi Nunna , A. G. Ramakrishnan , Kanishka Sharma

We propose a fusion approach that combines features from simultaneously recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals to improve classification performances in motor imagery-based brain-computer interfaces…

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals reflect activities on certain brain areas. Effective classification of time-varying EEG signals is still challenging. First, EEG signal processing and feature engineering are time-consuming and highly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Yunhao Liu

Over recent decades, neuroimaging tools, particularly electroencephalography (EEG), have revolutionized our understanding of the brain and its functions. EEG is extensively used in traditional brain-computer interface (BCI) systems due to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-12 Zaineb Ajra , Binbin Xu , Gérard Dray , Jacky Montmain , Stéphane Perrey

A brain-computer interface (BCI) enables direct communication between the brain and an external device. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a common input signal for BCIs, due to its convenience and low cost. Most research on EEG-based BCIs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Lubin Meng , Xue Jiang , Xiaoqing Chen , Wenzhong Liu , Hanbin Luo , Dongrui Wu

Public Motor Imagery-based brain-computer interface (BCI) datasets are being used to develop increasingly good classifiers. However, they usually follow discrete paradigms where participants perform Motor Imagery at regularly timed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Ivo Pascal de Jong , Lüke Luna van den Wittenboer , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Andreea Ioana Sburlea

The non-stationary nature of electroencephalography (EEG) signals makes an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) a dynamic system, thus improving its performance is a challenging task. In addition, it is well-known that due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Haider Raza , Dheeraj Rathee , ShangMing Zhou , Hubert Cecotti , Girijesh Prasad