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We revisit the longstanding question of how physical structures in urban landscapes influence crime. Leveraging machine learning-based matching techniques to control for demographic composition, we estimate the effects of several types of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ziyao Cui , Erick Jiang , Nicholas Sortisio , Haiyan Wang , Eric Chen , Cynthia Rudin

Researchers regard crime as a social phenomenon that is influenced by several physical, social, and economic factors. Different types of crimes are said to have different motivations. Theft, for instance, is a crime that is based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Deborah Djon , Jitesh Jhawar , Kieron Drumm , Vincent Tran

This study uses deep-learning models to predict city partition crime counts on specific days. It helps police enhance surveillance, gather intelligence, and proactively prevent crimes. We formulate crime count prediction as a spatiotemporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Li Mao , Wei Du , Shuo Wen , Qi Li , Tong Zhang , Wei Zhong

Ensuring urban safety is an essential part of developing sustainable cities. An urban safety map can assist cities to prevent future crimes. However, mapping is costly in terms of both time and money due to the need for manual data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Alameen Najjar , Shun'ichi Kaneko , Yoshikazu Miyanaga

The share of the world population living in cities with more than one million people rose from 11% in 1975 to 24% in 2025 (our estimates). Will this trend towards greater concentration in large cities continue or level off? We introduce two…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-31 Andrea Musso , Diego Rybski , Dirk Helbing , Frank Neffke

This paper presents a critical, qualitative study of the social role of algorithmic bias in the context of the Chicago crime prediction algorithm, a predictive policing tool that forecasts when and where in the city crime is most likely to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Marta Ziosi , Dasha Pruss

Relevant research has been highlighted in the computing community to develop machine learning models capable of predicting the occurrence of crimes, analyzing contexts of crimes, extracting profiles of individuals linked to crime, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-23 José Ribeiro , Lair Meneses , Denis Costa , Wando Miranda , Ronnie Alves

Traditional crime prediction techniques are slow and inefficient when generating predictions as crime increases rapidly \cite{r15}. To enhance traditional crime prediction methods, a Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Unit model was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Patricia Dao , Jashmitha Sappa , Saanvi Terala , Tyson Wong , Michael Lam , Kevin Zhu

Predicting crime using machine learning and deep learning techniques has gained considerable attention from researchers in recent years, focusing on identifying patterns and trends in crime occurrences. This review paper examines over 150…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Varun Mandalapu , Lavanya Elluri , Piyush Vyas , Nirmalya Roy

Crime prediction is crucial to criminal justice decision makers and efforts to prevent crime. The paper evaluates the explanatory and predictive value of human activity patterns derived from taxi trip, Twitter and Foursquare data. Analysis…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-09 Lara Vomfell , Wolfgang Karl Härdle , Stefan Lessmann

Crime prediction is a widely studied research problem due to its importance in ensuring safety of city dwellers. Starting from statistical and classical machine learning based crime prediction methods, in recent years researchers have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Rittik Basak Utsha , Muhtasim Noor Alif , Yeasir Rayhan , Tanzima Hashem , Mohammad Eunus Ali

This study presents a comprehensive statistical analysis of criminal complaint data from the New York City Police Department (NYPD) spanning 47 years (1963-2025) [1]. Using a dataset of 438,556 complaint records, we employed exploratory…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-03 Fnu Gaurav

Objectives: To develop a deep learning framework to evaluate if and how incorporating micro-level mobility features, alongside historical crime and sociodemographic data, enhances predictive performance in crime forecasting at fine-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ariadna Albors Zumel , Michele Tizzoni , Gian Maria Campedelli

Opioid overdose is a growing public health crisis in the United States. This crisis, recognized as "opioid epidemic," has widespread societal consequences including the degradation of health, and the increase in crime rates and family…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Ali Mert Ertugrul , Yu-Ru Lin , Tugba Taskaya-Temizel

This paper focuses on finding spatial and temporal criminal hotspots. It analyses two different real-world crimes datasets for Denver, CO and Los Angeles, CA and provides a comparison between the two datasets through a statistical analysis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Tahani Almanie , Rsha Mirza , Elizabeth Lor

Recently humanity has just crossed an important landmark in its history with the majority of people now living in large cities. This population concentration is capable of boosting the growth of positive indicators such as innovation, the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-11-19 Carlos Caminha

This project uses a spatial model (Geographically Weighted Regression) to relate various physical and social features to crime rates. Besides making interesting predictions from basic data statistics, the trained model can be used to…

The underlying reasons behind modern terrorism are seemingly complex and intangible. Despite diverse causal mechanisms, research has shown that there exists general statistical patterns at the global scale that can shed light on human…

Applications · Statistics 2019-04-09 Weisi Guo

We use high resolution data to investigate the association between crime incidence and proximity to different types of public schools over the past fifteen years in the city of Philadelphia. We employ two statistical methods, regression…

Applications · Statistics 2023-12-29 Leonardo de Castro Harth , Bangxi Xiao , Shane T. Jensen

Crime has been previously explained by social characteristics of the residential population and, as stipulated by crime pattern theory, might also be linked to human movements of non-residential visitors. Yet a full empirical validation of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Cristina Kadar , Stefan Feuerriegel , Anastasios Noulas , Cecilia Mascolo