Related papers: The Capacity of Some P\'olya String Models
Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have intensified the debate surrounding the fundamental nature of their reasoning capabilities. While achieving high performance on benchmarks such as GPQA and MMLU, these models exhibit…
Language models have primarily been evaluated with perplexity. While perplexity quantifies the most comprehensible prediction performance, it does not provide qualitative information on the success or failure of models. Another approach for…
Preserving the T-duality invariance of the continuum string in its random lattice regularization uniquely determines the random matrix model potential. For D=0 the duality transformation can be performed explicitly on the matrix action, and…
We consider the problem of binary string reconstruction from the multiset of its substring compositions, i.e., referred to as the substring composition multiset, first introduced and studied by Acharya et al. We introduce a new algorithm…
A two-type two-sex branching process is introduced with the aim of describing the interaction of predator and prey populations with sexual reproduction and promiscuous mating. In each generation and in each species the total number of…
Evolving biomolecular networks have to combine the stability against perturbations with flexibility allowing their constituents to assume new roles in the cell. Gene duplication followed by functional divergence of associated proteins is a…
The problem of detecting and measuring the repetitiveness of one-dimensional strings has been extensively studied in data compression and text indexing. Our understanding of these issues has been significantly improved by the introduction…
Evaluating whether large language models (LLMs) capture the structure of natural language beyond local fluency remains an open challenge. Existing evaluation methods, largely based on task performance or short-context behavior, provide…
This is a review. Comments are welcome. The observation that the structure of string theory is rich enough to include the standard model in rough outline is an old one, starting with the early constructions of free field constructions,…
Machine learning models are often used to make predictions about admissions process outcomes, such as for colleges or jobs. However, such decision processes differ substantially from the conventional machine learning paradigm. Because…
We study the population profile in a simple discrete time model of population dynamics. Our model, which is closely related to certain ``bit-string'' models of evolution, incorporates competition for resources via a population dependent…
We investigate the dynamical properties of the transcriptional regulation of gene expression in the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae within the framework of a synchronously and deterministically updated Boolean network model. By means of a…
We simulate five different systems belonging to the universality class of the gauge dual of three-dimensional random percolation to study the underlying effective string theory at finite temperature. All the data for the finite temperature…
Deep neural networks (DNN) have been used successfully in many scientific problems for their high prediction accuracy, but their application to genetic studies remains challenging due to their poor interpretability. In this paper, we…
Precise temporal coordination of gene expression is crucial for many developmental processes. One central question in developmental biology is how such coordinated expression patterns are robustly controlled. During embryonic development of…
With the advent of powerful neural language models over the last few years, research attention has increasingly focused on what aspects of language they represent that make them so successful. Several testing methodologies have been…
The class of random-cluster models is a unification of a variety of stochastic processes of significance for probability and statistical physics, including percolation, Ising, and Potts models; in addition, their study has impact on the…
Microbiological systems evolve to fulfill their tasks with maximal efficiency. The immune system is a remarkable example, where self-non self distinction is accomplished by means of molecular interaction between self proteins and antigens,…
Changes in a cell's external or internal conditions are usually reflected in the concentrations of the relevant transcription factors. These proteins in turn modulate the expression levels of the genes under their control and sometimes need…
This thesis investigates correspondences between open and closed strings. This is done on the level of coupled open-closed moduli spaces and from a string field theoretic point of view. The construction of boundary string field theory on…