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Related papers: Planet formation inside proto-giants: First 3D sim…

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Pebbles of millimeter sizes are abundant in protoplanetary discs around young stars. Chondrules inside primitive meteorites - formed by melting of dust aggregate pebbles or in impacts between planetesimals - have similar sizes. The role of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-18 Anders Johansen , Thomas Ronnet , Martin Bizzarro , Martin Schiller , Michiel Lambrechts , Åke Nordlund , Helmut Lammer

Super-Earths are found in tighter orbits than the Earth's around more than one third of main sequence stars. It has been proposed that super-Earths are scaled-up terrestrial planets that formed similarly, through mutual accretion of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-10 Michiel Lambrechts , Alessandro Morbidelli , Seth A. Jacobson , Anders Johansen , Bertram Bitsch , Andre Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond

Atmospheric chemical abundances of giant planets lead to important constraints on planetary formation and migration. Studies have shown that giant planets that migrate through the protoplanetary disk can accrete substantial amounts of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-28 Nikku Madhusudhan , Bertram Bitsch , Anders Johansen , Linn Eriksson

Recent direct imaging discoveries suggest a new class of massive, distant planets around A stars. These widely separated giants have been interpreted as signs of planet formation driven by gravitational instability, but the viability of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Kaitlin M. Kratter , Ruth A. Murray-Clay , Andrew N. Youdin

We analyse the size evolution of pebbles accreted into the gaseous envelope of a protoplanet growing in a protoplanetary disc, taking into account collisions driven by the relative sedimentation speed as well as the convective gas motion.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-18 Anders Johansen , Åke Nordlund

The size distribution of asteroids and Kuiper belt objects in the solar system is difficult to reconcile with a bottom-up formation scenario due to the observed scarcity of objects smaller than $\sim$100 km in size. Instead, planetesimals…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Daniel Carrera , Anders Johansen , Melvyn B. Davies

Recent observations of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) in the sub-mm have revealed the ubiquity of annular substructures, indicative of pebble-sized dust particles trapped in turbulent ring-like gas pressure bumps. This major paradigm shift…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-28 Ziyan Xu , Xue-Ning Bai

Turbulence, self-gravity, and cooling convert most of the interstellar medium into cloudy structures that form stars. Turbulence compresses the gas into clouds directly and it moves pre-existing clouds around passively when there are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bruce G. Elmegreen

We study the gravitational instability (GI) of small solids in a gas disk as a mechanism to form planetesimals. Dissipation from gas drag introduces secular GI, which proceeds even when standard GI criteria for a critical density or…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Andrew N. Youdin

Fast inward migration of planetary cores is a common problem in the current planet formation paradigm. Even though dust is ubiquitous in protoplanetary disks, its dynamical role in the migration history of planetary embryos has not been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-26 Pablo Benítez-Llambay , Martin E. Pessah

Aims. The connection between initial disc conditions and final orbital and physical properties of planets is not well-understood. In this paper, we numerically study the formation of planetary systems via pebble accretion and investigate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-23 Soko Matsumura , Ramon Brasser , Shigeru Ida

We study the collapse of pebble clouds with a statistical model to find the internal structure of comet-sized planetesimals. Pebble-pebble collisions occur during the collapse and the outcome of these collisions affect the resulting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 Karl Wahlberg Jansson , Anders Johansen

Over 50 circumbinary exoplanets have been discovered in recent years, with several of them being gas giants on wide orbits ($>10$AU). The aim of this work is to investigate whether these planets can form through circumbinary disc…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-28 Matthew Teasdale , Dimitris Stamatellos

[Abridged] Star and planet formation are the complex outcomes of gravitational collapse and angular momentum transport mediated by protostellar and protoplanetary disks. In this review we focus on the role of gravitational instability in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-05 Kaitlin M. Kratter , Giuseppe Lodato

Solid particles in protoplanetary disks that are sufficiently super-solar in metallicity overcome turbulence generated by vertical shear to gravitationally condense into planetesimals. Super-solar metallicities result if solid particles…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Andrew N. Youdin , Eugene I. Chiang

In view of the many recent observations conducted by ALMA and SPHERE, it is becoming clear that protoplanetary disks form planets in narrow annular gaps at various distances from the central protostars before these protostars are actually…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-05 Dimitris M. Christodoulou , Demosthenes Kazanas

We describe a coagulation model that leads to the rapid formation of super-Earths and the cores of gas giant planets. Interaction of collision fragments with the gaseous disk is the crucial element of this model. The gas entrains small…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Scott J. Kenyon , Benjamin C. Bromley

We examine a physical process that leads to the efficient formation of gas giant planets around intermediate mass stars. In the gaseous protoplanetary disks surrounding rapidly-accreting intermediate-mass stars we show that the midplane…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 K. A. Kretke , D. N. C. Lin , P. Garaud , N. J. Turner

Planet formation is thought to occur in discs around young stars by the aggregation of small dust grains into much larger objects. The growth from grains to pebbles and from planetesimals to planets is now fairly well understood. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-01 Jean-François Gonzalez , Guillaume Laibe , Sarah T. Maddison

Massive stars form in clusters within self-gravitating molecular clouds. The size scale of these clusters is sufficiently large that non-thermal, or turbulent, motions of the gas must be taken into account when considering their formation.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jonathan Williams