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Vulnerability prediction is valuable in identifying security issues efficiently, even though it requires the source code of the target software system, which is a restrictive hypothesis. This paper presents an experimental study to predict…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 D. Cotroneo , F. C. Grasso , R. Natella , V. Orbinato

Retrieving binary code via natural language queries is a pivotal capability for downstream tasks in the software security domain, such as vulnerability detection and malware analysis. However, it is challenging to identify binary functions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Guoqiang Chen , Lingyun Ying , Ziyang Song , Daguang Liu , Qiang Wang , Zhiqi Wang , Li Hu , Shaoyin Cheng , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

An interesting line of research in natural language processing (NLP) aims to incorporate linguistic typology to bridge linguistic diversity and assist the research of low-resource languages. While most works construct linguistic similarity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Haotian Ye , Yihong Liu , Hinrich Schütze

Given a binary executable without source code, it is difficult to determine what each function in the binary does by reverse engineering it, and even harder without prior experience and context. In this paper, we performed a comparison of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Haoxi Tan

Code search is vital in the maintenance and extension of software systems. Past works have used separate language models for the natural language and programming language artifacts on models with multiple encoders and different loss…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Monoshiz Mahbub Khan , Zhe Yu

Binary code analysis is the foundation of crucial tasks in the security domain; thus building effective binary analysis techniques is more important than ever. Large language models (LLMs) although have brought impressive improvement to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Nan Jiang , Chengxiao Wang , Kevin Liu , Xiangzhe Xu , Lin Tan , Xiangyu Zhang , Petr Babkin

Enforcing open source licenses such as the GNU General Public License (GPL), analyzing a binary for possible vulnerabilities, and code maintenance are all situations where it is useful to be able to determine the source code provenance of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-03 Dhaval Miyani , Zhen Huang , David Lie

AI-powered binary code similarity detection (BinSD), which transforms intricate binary code comparison to the distance measure of code embedding through neural networks, has been widely applied to program analysis. However, due to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Lirong Fu , Peiyu Liu , Wenlong Meng , Kangjie Lu , Shize Zhou , Xuhong Zhang , Wenzhi Chen , Shouling Ji

In this paper we consider the binary similarity problem that consists in determining if two binary functions are similar only considering their compiled form. This problem is know to be crucial in several application scenarios, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Roberto Baldoni , Giuseppe Antonio Di Luna , Luca Massarelli , Fabio Petroni , Leonardo Querzoni

Learning to hash is an efficient paradigm for exact and approximate nearest neighbor search from massive databases. Binary hash codes are typically extracted from an image by rounding output features from a CNN, which is trained on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Heikki Arponen , Tom E. Bishop

Translating source code from one programming language to another is a critical, time-consuming task in modernizing legacy applications and codebases. Recent work in this space has drawn inspiration from the software naturalness hypothesis…

Learning compact binary codes for image retrieval problem using deep neural networks has recently attracted increasing attention. However, training deep hashing networks is challenging due to the binary constraints on the hash codes. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Thanh-Toan Do , Tuan Hoang , Dang-Khoa Le Tan , Anh-Dzung Doan , Ngai-Man Cheung

Independently developed codebases typically contain many segments of code that perform same or closely related operations (semantic clones). Finding functionally equivalent segments enables applications like replacing a segment by a more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Vaibhav Sharma , Kesha Hietala , Stephen McCamant

Binary Code Similarity Analysis (BCSA) has a wide spectrum of applications, including plagiarism detection, vulnerability discovery, and malware analysis, thus drawing significant attention from the security community. However, conventional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Fei Zuo , Cody Tompkins , Qiang Zeng , Lannan Luo , Yung Ryn Choe , Junghwan Rhee

Binary code similarity detection (BCSD) is widely used in various binary analysis tasks such as vulnerability search, malware detection, clone detection, and patch analysis. Recent studies have shown that the learning-based binary code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yeming Gu , Hui Shu , Fei Kang , Fan Hu

The binary similarity problem consists in determining if two functions are similar by only considering their compiled form. Advanced techniques for binary similarity recently gained momentum as they can be applied in several fields, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Luca Massarelli , Giuseppe Antonio Di Luna , Fabio Petroni , Leonardo Querzoni , Roberto Baldoni

In this work, we begin to investigate the possibility of training a deep neural network on the task of binary code understanding. Specifically, the network would take, as input, features derived directly from binaries and output English…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Andy Davis , Heather Preslier , Tim Leek

While much of the current research in deep learning-based vulnerability detection relies on disassembled binaries, this paper explores the feasibility of extracting features directly from raw x86-64 machine code. Although assembly language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Mitchell Petingola

Binary Code Similarity Detection (BCSD) is not only essential for security tasks such as vulnerability identification but also for code copying detection, yet it remains challenging due to binary stripping and diverse compilation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Li Zhou , Marc Dacier , Charalambos Konstantinou

Binary analysis is a core component of many critical security tasks, including reverse engineering, malware analysis, and vulnerability detection. Manual analysis is often time-consuming, but identifying commonly-used or previously-seen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Rebecca Saul , Chang Liu , Noah Fleischmann , Richard Zak , Kristopher Micinski , Edward Raff , James Holt