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Electrical tuning of second-order nonlinearity in optical materials is attractive to strengthen and expand the functionalities of nonlinear optical technologies, though its implementation remains elusive. Here, we report the electrically…

We have studied on optical second harmonic generations (SHGs) from atomically thin MoTe2 flakes with 2H and 1T' phases. From 2H-MoTe2 samples with odd (even) numbers of layers, strong (negligible) SHGs are observed due to the…

Optics · Physics 2018-05-25 Yu Song , Ruijuan Tian , Jiulong Yang , Rui Yin , Jianlin Zhao , Xuetao Gan

We report observation of strong and anisotropic third harmonic generation (THG) in monolayer and multilayer ReS$_2$. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of monolayer ReS$_2$, $\left| \chi^{(3)} \right|$ is on the order of…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-04-12 Qiannan Cui , Rodrigo A. Muniz , J. E. Sipe , Hui Zhao

Since de discovery of graphene, the family of 2-dimensional materials has attracted much recent attention. In this work, the nonlinear optical properties of few-layer MoS2 two-dimensional crystals are studied using femtosecond laser pulses.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-06-20 Leandro M. Malard , Thonimar V. Alencar , Ana Paula M. Barboza , Kin Fai Mak , Ana M. de Paula

Van der Waals stacking presents new opportunities for nonlinear optics with its remarkable tunability and scalability. However, the fundamental role of interlayer interactions in modifying the overall nonlinear optical susceptibilities…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-11 Kanchan Shaikh , Taejun Yoo , Zeyuan Zhu , Qiuyang Li , Amalya C. Johnson , Hui Deng , Fang Liu , Yuki Kobayashi

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear parametric process that doubles the frequency of incoming light. Only allowed in non-centrosymmetric materials, it has been widely used in frequency modulation of lasers, surface…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-01-05 Wontaek Kim , Je Yhoung Ahn , Juseung Oh , Ji Hoon Shim , Sunmin Ryu

In moir\'e crystals resulting from the stacking of twisted two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, a subtle adjustment in the twist angle surprisingly gives rise to a wide range of correlated optical and electrical properties. Herein, we…

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a non-linear optical process, where two photons coherently combine into one photon of twice their energy. Efficient SHG occurs for crystals with broken inversion symmetry, such as transition metal…

We report optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) in reflection from GaSe crystals of 1 to more than 100 layers using a fundamental picosecond pulsed pump at 1.58 eV and a supercontinuum white light pulsed laser with energies ranging from…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-10-10 Yanhao Tang , Krishna C. Mandal , John A. McGuire , Chih Wei Lai

ReS$_2$ has recently emerged as a new member in the rapidly growing family of two-dimensional materials. Unlike MoS$_2$ or WSe$_2$, the optical and electrical properties of ReS$_2$ are not isotropic due to the reduced symmetry of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-02-17 Philipp Nagler , Gerd Plechinger , Christian Schüller , Tobias Korn

We develop a multipolar theory of second-harmonic generation (SHG) by dielectric nanoparticles made of noncentrosymmetric materials with bulk quadratic nonlinearity. We specifically analyze two regimes of optical excitation: illumination by…

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a powerful optical tool for identifying non-centrosymmetric crystalline structures. Here, we analyze SHG in multilayer graphenes (MLG), with a focus on its dependence on the stacking order, encapsulation…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Patrick Johansen Sarsfield , Takaaki V. Joya , Takuto Kawakami , Mikito Koshino , Vladimir Fal'ko

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a direct measure of the strength of second-order nonlinear optical effects, which also include frequency mixing and parametric oscillations. Natural and artificial materials with broken…

We report the observation of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) in single-layer indium selenide (InSe). We measure a second harmonic signal of $>10^3$ $\textrm{cts/s}$ under nonresonant excitation using a home-built confocal…

The efficient optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, coupled with their atomic thickness that circumvents the phase-match problem, has garnered considerable attention. While various 2D heterostructures…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-10-31 Wontaek Kim , Gyouil Jeong , Juseung Oh , Jihun Kim , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Sunmin Ryu

This study presents an investigation of second harmonic generation (SHG) resulting from interaction of radially polarized laser beam propagating in homogeneous, unmagnetized plasma. Lorentz force and continuity equations have been used to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Shivani Aggarwal , Saumya Singh , Dinkar Mishra , Bhupesh Kumar , Pallavi Jha

The nonlinear process of second harmonic generation (SHG) in monolayer (1L) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), like $WS_2$, strongly depends on the polarization state of the excitation light. Combining plasmonic nanostructures with…

Optics · Physics 2021-10-08 Florian Spreyer , Claudia Ruppert , Philip Georgi , Thomas Zentgraf

Nonlinear optical phenomena in nanostructured materials have been challenging our perceptions of nonlinear optical processes that have been explored since the invention of lasers. For example, the ability to control optical field…

We present an analytical theory of second harmonic generation (SHG) in hybrid structures combining a nonlinear 2D crystal with a dielectric metasurface waveguide. The theory describes the excitation spectrum and enhancement of SHG at both…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-07 Egor S. Vyatkin , Sergey A. Tarasenko

The in-plane anisotropic properties of two-dimensional (2D) group IV monochalcogenides provide an additional degree of freedom which can be used in future optoelectronic devices. Here, it is shown that the third harmonic generation (THG)…

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