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Neurons communicate with downstream systems via sparse and incredibly brief electrical pulses, or spikes. Using these events, they control various targets such as neuromuscular units, neurosecretory systems, and other neurons in connected…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Paolo Agliati , André Urbano , Pablo Lanillos , Nasir Ahmad , Marcel van Gerven , Sander Keemink

Third-generation neural networks, or Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), aim at harnessing the energy efficiency of spike-domain processing by building on computing elements that operate on, and exchange, spikes. In this paper, the problem of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-23 Alireza Bagheri , Osvaldo Simeone , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are posited as a computationally efficient and biologically plausible alternative to conventional neural architectures, with their core computational framework primarily using the leaky integrate-and-fire…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

In the field of image recognition, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have achieved performance comparable to conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs). In such applications, SNNs essentially function as traditional neural networks with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Enqi Zhang

The complex and unique neural network topology of the human brain formed through natural evolution enables it to perform multiple cognitive functions simultaneously. Automated evolutionary mechanisms of biological network structure inspire…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Wenxuan Pan , Feifei Zhao , Zhuoya Zhao , Yi Zeng

Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani

Recent advances in Voice Activity Detection (VAD) are driven by artificial and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), however, using a VAD system in battery-operated devices requires further power efficiency. This can be achieved by neuromorphic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-01 Flavio Martinelli , Giorgia Dellaferrera , Pablo Mainar , Milos Cernak

Networks of interconnected neurons communicating through spiking signals offer the bedrock of neural computations. Our brains spiking neural networks have the computational capacity to achieve complex pattern recognition and cognitive…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Naresh Ravichandran , Anders Lansner , Pawel Herman

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are investigated as biologically inspired models of neural computation, distinguished by their computational capability and energy efficiency due to precise spiking times and sparse spikes with event-driven…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Mingqing Xiao , Yixin Zhu , Di He , Zhouchen Lin

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) draw inspiration from biological neurons to enable brain-like computation, demonstrating effectiveness in processing temporal information with energy efficiency and biological realism. Most existing SNNs are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chengjie Ge , Yufeng Peng , Zihao Li , Qiyu Kang , Xueyang Fu , Xuhao Li , Qixin Zhang , Junhao Ren , Zheng-Jun Zha

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are widely regarded as a biologically-inspired and energy-efficient alternative to classical artificial neural networks. Yet, their theoretical foundations remain only partially understood. In this work, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Umberto Biccari

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise low-power event-driven computation for temporally rich tasks, but commonly used neuron models often trade off gradient-based trainability, dynamical richness, and high activity sparsity. These…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Alex Fulleda-Garcia , Saray Soldado-Magraner , Josep Maria Margarit-Taulé

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent the latest generation of neural computation, offering a brain-inspired alternative to conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Unlike ANNs, which depend on continuous-valued signals, SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sales G. Aribe

Spiking Neural Networks are powerful computational modelling tools that have attracted much interest because of the bioinspired modelling of synaptic interactions between neurons. Most of the research employing spiking neurons has been…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Huanneng Qiu , Matthew Garratt , David Howard , Sreenatha Anavatti

We provide a causal analysis of Binary Spiking Neural Networks (BSNNs) to explain their behavior. We formally define a BSNN and represent its spiking activity as a binary causal model. Thanks to this causal representation, we are able to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Aditya Kar , Emiliano Lorini , Timothée Masquelier

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are being explored to emulate the astounding capabilities of human brain that can learn and compute functions robustly and efficiently with noisy spiking activities. A variety of spiking neuron models have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Sayeed Shafayet Chowdhury , Chankyu Lee , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a class of bio -inspired networks that leverage sparse, event-driven signaling to achieve low-power computation while inherently modeling temporal dynamics. Such characteristics align closely…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hemanth Sabbella , Archit Mukherjee , Thivya Kandappu , Sounak Dey , Arpan Pal , Archan Misra , Dong Ma

Network of neurons in the brain apply - unlike processors in our current generation of computer hardware - an event-based processing strategy, where short pulses (spikes) are emitted sparsely by neurons to signal the occurrence of an event…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-12-19 Zeno Jonke , Stefan Habenschuss , Wolfgang Maass

In this work, a spiking neural network (SNN) is proposed for approximating differential sensorimotor maps of robotic systems. The computed model is used as a local Jacobian-like projection that relates changes in sensor space to changes in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Omar Zahra , Silvia Tolu , David Navarro-Alarcon

At present, implementation of learning mechanisms in spiking neural networks (SNN) cannot be considered as a solved scientific problem despite plenty of SNN learning algorithms proposed. It is also true for SNN implementation of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Mikhail Kiselev