English
Related papers

Related papers: Mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays …

200 papers

The baryonic mass composition of ultrahigh energy ($\gtrsim 10^{18}$ eV) cosmic rays (UHECRs) at injection accompanied by their interactions on universal photon backgrounds during propagation directly governs the UHECR flux on the Earth.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-15 Saikat Das , Soebur Razzaque , Nayantara Gupta

The origin of the ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) with energies above E > 1017eV, is still unknown. The discovery of their sources will reveal the engines of the most energetic astrophysical accelerators in the universe. This is a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-27 M. T. Dova

The energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) provides essential information on the most energetic phenomena in the Universe. Beyond EeV energies, the Telescope Array and Pierre Auger Observatory have the largest exposures…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-27 O. Deligny

We present measurements of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum $X_\mathrm{max}$, inferred for the first time on an event-by-event level using the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Using deep learning, we were able to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-07 The Pierre Auger Collaboration , A. Abdul Halim , P. Abreu , M. Aglietta , I. Allekotte , K. Almeida Cheminant , A. Almela , R. Aloisio , J. Alvarez-Muñiz , J. Ammerman Yebra , G. A. Anastasi , L. Anchordoqui , B. Andrada , L. Andrade Dourado , S. Andringa , L. Apollonio , C. Aramo , P. R. Araújo Ferreira , E. Arnone , J. C. Arteaga Velázquez , P. Assis , G. Avila , E. Avocone , A. Bakalova , F. Barbato , A. Bartz Mocellin , C. Berat , M. E. Bertaina , G. Bhatta , M. Bianciotto , P. L. Biermann , V. Binet , K. Bismark , T. Bister , J. Biteau , J. Blazek , C. Bleve , J. Blümer , M. Boháčová , D. Boncioli , C. Bonifazi , L. Bonneau Arbeletche , N. Borodai , J. Brack , P. G. Brichetto Orchera , F. L. Briechle , A. Bueno , S. Buitink , M. Buscemi , M. Büsken , A. Bwembya , K. S. Caballero-Mora , S. Cabana-Freire , L. Caccianiga , F. Campuzano , R. Caruso , A. Castellina , F. Catalani , G. Cataldi , L. Cazon , M. Cerda , B. Čermáková , A. Cermenati , J. A. Chinellato , J. Chudoba , L. Chytka , R. W. Clay , A. C. Cobos Cerutti , R. Colalillo , M. R. Coluccia , R. Conceição , A. Condorelli , G. Consolati , M. Conte , F. Convenga , D. Correia dos Santos , P. J. Costa , C. E. Covault , M. Cristinziani , C. S. Cruz Sanchez , S. Dasso , K. Daumiller , B. R. Dawson , R. M. de Almeida , B. de Errico , J. de Jesús , S. J. de Jong , J. R. T. de Mello Neto , I. De Mitri , J. de Oliveira , D. de Oliveira Franco , F. de Palma , V. de Souza , E. De Vito , A. Del Popolo , O. Deligny , N. Denner , L. Deval , A. di Matteo , J. A. do , M. Dobre , C. Dobrigkeit , J. C. D'Olivo , L. M. Domingues Mendes , Q. Dorosti , J. C. dos Anjos , R. C. dos Anjos , J. Ebr , F. Ellwanger , M. Emam , R. Engel , I. Epicoco , M. Erdmann , A. Etchegoyen , C. Evoli , H. Falcke , G. Farrar , A. C. Fauth , T. Fehler , F. Feldbusch , F. Fenu , A. Fernandes , B. Fick , J. M. Figueira , P. Filip , A. Filipčič , T. Fitoussi , B. Flaggs , T. Fodran , T. Fujii , A. Fuster , C. Galea , B. García , C. Gaudu , A. Gherghel-Lascu , P. L. Ghia , U. Giaccari , J. Glombitza , F. Gobbi , F. Gollan , G. Golup , M. Gómez Berisso , P. F. Gómez Vitale , J. P. Gongora , J. M. González , N. González , D. Góra , A. Gorgi , M. Gottowik , F. Guarino , G. P. Guedes , E. Guido , L. Gülzow , S. Hahn , P. Hamal , M. R. Hampel , P. Hansen , D. Harari , V. M. Harvey , A. Haungs , T. Hebbeker , C. Hojvat , J. R. Hörandel , P. Horvath , M. Hrabovský , T. Huege , A. Insolia , P. G. Isar , P. Janecek , V. Jilek , J. A. Johnsen , J. Jurysek , K. -H. Kampert , B. Keilhauer , A. Khakurdikar , V. V. Kizakke Covilakam , H. O. Klages , M. Kleifges , F. Knapp , J. Köhler , F. Krieger , N. Kunka , B. L. Lago , N. Langner , M. A. Leigui de Oliveira , Y. Lema-Capeans , A. Letessier-Selvon , I. Lhenry-Yvon , L. Lopes , L. Lu , Q. Luce , J. P. Lundquist , A. Machado Payeras , M. Majercakova , D. Mandat , B. C. Manning , P. Mantsch , F. M. Mariani , A. G. Mariazzi , I. C. Mariş , G. Marsella , D. Martello , S. Martinelli , O. Martínez Bravo , M. A. Martins , H. -J. Mathes , J. Matthews , G. Matthiae , E. Mayotte , S. Mayotte , P. O. Mazur , G. Medina-Tanco , J. Meinert , D. Melo , A. Menshikov , C. Merx , S. Michal , M. I. Micheletti , L. Miramonti , S. Mollerach , F. Montanet , L. Morejon , K. Mulrey , R. Mussa , W. M. Namasaka , S. Negi , L. Nellen , K. Nguyen , G. Nicora , M. Niechciol , D. Nitz , D. Nosek , V. Novotny , L. Nožka , A. Nucita , L. A. Núñez , C. Oliveira , M. Palatka , J. Pallotta , S. Panja , G. Parente , T. Paulsen , J. Pawlowsky , M. Pech , J. Pękala , R. Pelayo , V. Pelgrims , L. A. S. Pereira , E. E. Pereira Martins , C. Pérez Bertolli , L. Perrone , S. Petrera , C. Petrucci , T. Pierog , M. Pimenta , M. Platino , B. Pont , M. Pothast , M. Pourmohammad Shahvar , P. Privitera , M. Prouza , S. Querchfeld , J. Rautenberg , D. Ravignani , J. V. Reginatto Akim , M. Reininghaus , A. Reuzki , J. Ridky , F. Riehn , M. Risse , V. Rizi , W. Rodrigues de Carvalho , E. Rodriguez , J. Rodriguez Rojo , M. J. Roncoroni , S. Rossoni , M. Roth , E. Roulet , A. C. Rovero , A. Saftoiu , M. Saharan , F. Salamida , H. Salazar , G. Salina , J. D. Sanabria Gomez , F. Sánchez , E. M. Santos , E. Santos , F. Sarazin , R. Sarmento , R. Sato , P. Savina , C. M. Schäfer , V. Scherini , H. Schieler , M. Schimassek , M. Schimp , D. Schmidt , O. Scholten , H. Schoorlemmer , P. Schovánek , F. G. Schröder , J. Schulte , T. Schulz , S. J. Sciutto , M. Scornavacche , A. Sedoski , A. Segreto , S. Sehgal , S. U. Shivashankara , G. Sigl , K. Simkova , F. Simon , R. Smau , R. Šmída , P. Sommers , R. Squartini , M. Stadelmaier , S. Stanič , J. Stasielak , P. Stassi , S. Strähnz , M. Straub , T. Suomijärvi , A. D. Supanitsky , Z. Svozilikova , Z. Szadkowski , F. Tairli , A. Tapia , C. Taricco , C. Timmermans , O. Tkachenko , P. Tobiska , C. J. Todero Peixoto , B. Tomé , Z. Torrès , A. Travaini , P. Travnicek , M. Tueros , M. Unger , R. Uzeiroska , L. Vaclavek , M. Vacula , J. F. Valdés Galicia , L. Valore , E. Varela , V. Vašíčková , A. Vásquez-Ramírez , D. Veberič , I. D. Vergara Quispe , V. Verzi , J. Vicha , J. Vink , S. Vorobiov , C. Watanabe , A. A. Watson , A. Weindl , L. Wiencke , H. Wilczyński , D. Wittkowski , B. Wundheiler , B. Yue , A. Yushkov , O. Zapparrata , E. Zas , D. Zavrtanik , M. Zavrtanik

We show that the maximum shower depth distributions of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), as measured by fluorescence telescopes, can be augmented by building a mapping to observables collected by surface detectors. The resulting…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-28 Blaž Bortolato , Jernej F. Kamenik , Michele Tammaro

The Pierre Auger Observatory's (PAO) shower profile measurements can be used to constrain the chemical composition of the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) spectrum. In particular, the PAO's measurements of the average depth of shower…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-05-12 Dan Hooper , Andrew M. Taylor

Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, UHECR, are charged particles with energies between $\sim10^{18}\,{\rm eV}$ and $\sim3\times10^{20}\,{\rm eV}\sim50\,{\rm J}$. They exhibit fundamental physics at energies inaccessible to terrestrial…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-29 Noémie Globus , Roger Blandford

The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory measures the atmospheric depth, $X_{max}$, where the longitudinal profile of the high energy air showers reaches its maximum. This is sensitive to the nuclear mass composition of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 L. Cazon

The interaction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) with the atoms of the atmosphere can occur at center-of-mass energies that surpass 100 TeV, while present human-made accelerators go up to 13 TeV. Therefore it provides a unique…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-10-26 Ruben Conceição

Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) arrive at Earth from the most energetic astrophysical accelerators in the universe. They collide with atoms in the upper atmosphere with energies about ten times higher than any man-made accelerator,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-18 Analisa G. Mariazzi

The detemination of the primary cosmic ray mass composition from the longitudinal development of atmospheric cascades is still an open problem. In this work we propose a new method of the multiparametric topological analysis and show that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Ambrosio , C. Aramo , D. D'Urso , A. D. Erlykin , F. Guarino , A. Insolia

Observation of clustering of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) suggests that they are emitted by compact sources. Assuming small deflection of UHECR during the propagation, the statistical analysis of clustering allows to estimate the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-03 S. L. Dubovsky , P. G. Tinyakov , I. I. Tkachev

Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are particles, likely protons and/or nuclei, with energies up to $10^{20}$ eV that are observed through the giant air showers they produce in the atmosphere. These particles carry the information on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-24 O. Deligny , K. Kawata , P. Tinyakov

The Telescope Array (TA) experiment is located in the western desert of Utah, USA, and observes ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) in the Northern hemisphere. At the highest energies, $E>10$~EeV, the shape of cosmic ray energy spectrum…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-14 R. U. Abbasi , M. Abe , T. Abu-Zayyad , M. Allen , R. Azuma , E. Barcikowski , J. W. Belz , D. R. Bergman , S. A. Blake , R. Cady , B. G. Cheon , J. Chiba , M. Chikawa , T. Fujii , M. Fukushima , T. Goto , W. Hanlon , Y. Hayashi , M. Hayashi , N. Hayashida , K. Hibino , K. Honda , D. Ikeda , N. Inoue , T. Ishii , R. Ishimori , H. Ito , D. Ivanov , C. C. H. Jui , K. Kadota , F. Kakimoto , O. Kalashev , K. Kasahara , H. Kawai , S. Kawakami , S. Kawana , K. Kawata , E. Kido , H. B. Kim , J. H. Kim , J. H. Kim , S. Kishigami , S. Kitamura , Y. Kitamura , V. Kuzmin , M. Kuznetsov , Y. J. Kwon , J. Lan , B. Lubsandorzhiev , J. P. Lundquist , K. Machida , K. Martens , T. Matsuda , T. Matsuyama , J. N. Matthews , M. Minamino , K. Mukai , I. Myers , K. Nagasawa , S. Nagataki , T. Nakamura , T. Nonaka , A. Nozato , S. Ogio , J. Ogura , M. Ohnishi , H. Ohoka , K. Oki , T. Okuda , M. Ono , R. Onogi , A. Oshima , S. Ozawa , I. H. Park , M. S. Pshirkov , D. C. Rodriguez , G. Rubtsov , D. Ryu , H. Sagawa , K. Saito , Y. Saito , N. Sakaki , N. Sakurai , L. M. Scott , K. Sekino , P. D. Shah , T. Shibata , F. Shibata , H. Shimodaira , B. K. Shin , H. S. Shin , J. D. Smith , P. Sokolsky , B. T. Stokes , S. R. Stratton , T. A. Stroman , T. Suzawa , Y. Takahashi , M. Takamura , M. Takeda , R. Takeishi , A. Taketa , M. Takita , Y. Tameda , M. Tanaka , K. Tanaka , H. Tanaka , S. B. Thomas , G. B. Thomson , P. Tinyakov , I. Tkachev , H. Tokuno , T. Tomida , S. Troitsky , Y. Tsunesada , K. Tsutsumi , Y. Uchihori , S. Udo , F. Urban , T. Wong , R. Yamane , H. Yamaoka , K. Yamazaki , J. Yang , K. Yashiro , Y. Yoneda , S. Yoshida , H. Yoshii , Y. Zhezher , R. Zollinger , Z. Zundel

Estimations of some geometrical and bulk parameters are presented for the matter produced in various type collisions with ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) particles. Results for multiplicity density at midrapidity, decoupling time, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-25 V. A. Okorokov

Irregularity in spectrum of the primary cosmic rays (PCR) mass composition at an energy of ~ 10 PeV is considered. To assess changes of the PCR mass composition, the X-ray emulsion chamber (XREC) method and the halo-method based on the XEC…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-24 S. E. Pyatovsky

The identification of potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remains challenging due to magnetic deflections and propagation losses, which are particularly strong for nuclei. In previous iterations of this work, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-19 Keito Watanabe , Anatoli Fedynitch , Francesca Capel , Hiroyuki Sagawa

The origin and nature of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain an open question in astroparticle physics. Motivated by the need for an unprecedented aperture for further advancements, the Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel…

The origin of highest energy cosmic rays (UHECR) is yet unknown. In order to understand their propagation we determine the probability that an ultrahigh energy (above 5\cdot 10^{19} eV) proton created at a distance r with energy E arrives…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Z. Fodor