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We show that the performance of iterative belief propagation (BP) decoding of polar codes can be enhanced by decoding over different carefully chosen factor graph realizations. With a genie-aided stopping condition, it can achieve the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-09 Ahmed Elkelesh , Moustafa Ebada , Sebastian Cammerer , Stephan ten Brink

A class of two-bit bit flipping algorithms for decoding low-density parity-check codes over the binary symmetric channel was proposed in [1]. Initial results showed that decoders which employ a group of these algorithms operating in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-22 Dung Viet Nguyen , Bane Vasic , Michael W. Marcellin

Polar codes are a family of capacity-achieving codes that have explicit and low-complexity construction, encoding, and decoding algorithms. Decoding of polar codes is based on the successive-cancellation decoder, which decodes in a bit-…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Boaz Shuval , Ido Tal

This paper formulates the polar-code construction problem for the successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoder as a maze-traversing game, which can be solved by reinforcement learning techniques. The proposed method provides a novel technique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Yun Liao , Seyyed Ali Hashemi , John Cioffi , Andrea Goldsmith

Owing to its high parallelism, belief propagation (BP) decoding is highly amenable to high-throughput implementations and thus represents a promising solution for meeting the ultra-high peak data rate of future communication systems.…

Targeting high-throughput and low-power communications, we implement two successive cancellation (SC) decoders for polar codes. With $16nm$ ASIC technology, the area efficiency and energy efficiency are $4Tbps/mm^2$ and $0.63pJ/bit$,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Jiajie Tong , Xianbin Wang , Qifan Zhang , Huazi Zhang , Rong Li , Jun Wang , Wen Tong

A tree search algorithm called successive cancellation ordered search (SCOS) is proposed for $\boldsymbol{G}_N$-coset codes that implements maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding with adaptive complexity for transmission over binary-input AWGN…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Peihong Yuan , Mustafa Cemil Coşkun

In the standard polar code construction, the message vector $(U_0,U_1,\dots,U_{n-1})$ is divided into information bits and frozen bits according to the reliability of each $U_i$ given $(U_0,U_1,\dots,U_{i-1})$ and all the channel outputs.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Guodong Li , Min Ye , Sihuang Hu

The prevailing opinion in industry and academia is that polar codes are competitive for short code lengths, but can no longer keep up with low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes as block length increases. This view is typically based on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Felix Krieg , Marvin Rübenacke , Andreas Zunker , Stephan ten Brink

Non-binary polar codes (NBPCs) decoded by successive cancellation (SC) algorithm have remarkable bit-error-rate performance compared to the binary polar codes (BPCs). Due to the serial nature, SC decoding suffers from large latency. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Ali Farsiabi , Hamid Ebrahimzad , Masoud Ardakani , Chuandong Li

Typically, forward error correction (FEC) codes are designed based on the minimization of the error rate for a given code rate. However, for applications that incorporate hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol and adaptive…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Hossein Khoshnevis , Ian Marsland , Halim Yanikomeroglu

For a quantum error correcting code to be used in practice, it needs to be equipped with an efficient decoding algorithm, which identifies corrections given the observed syndrome of errors.Hypergraph product codes are a promising family of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-03 Lev Stambler , Anirudh Krishna , Michael E. Beverland

BMERA or convolutional polar codes are an extension of polar codes with a provably better error exponent than polar codes. A successive cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm for BMERA codes similar to SC polar decoders is introduced. A…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Tobias Prinz , Peihong Yuan

For finite length polar codes, channel polarization leaves a significant number of channels not fully polarized. Adding a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to better protect information on the semi-polarized channels has already been…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-14 A. Elkelesh , M. Ebada , S. Cammerer , S. ten Brink

We propose a belief propagation list (BPL) decoder with comparable performance to the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder of polar codes, which already achieves the maximum likelihood (ML) bound of polar codes for sufficiently large…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Ahmed Elkelesh , Moustafa Ebada , Sebastian Cammerer , Stephan ten Brink

Deep polar codes, employing multi-layered polar kernel pre-transforms in series, are recently introduced variants of pre-transformed polar codes. These codes have demonstrated the ability to reduce the number of minimum weight codewords,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Geon Choi , Namyoon Lee

Belief propagation (BP) is an iterative decoding algorithm for polar codes which can be parallelized effectively to achieve higher throughput. However, because of the presence of error floor due to cycles and stopping sets in the factor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Vismika Ranasinghe , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

We study faulty successive cancellation decoding of polar codes for the binary erasure channel. To this end, we introduce a simple erasure-based fault model and we show that, under this model, polarization does not happen, meaning that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Andreas Burg

This paper proposes a high-throughput energy-efficient Successive Cancellation (SC) decoder architecture for polar codes based on combinational logic. The proposed combinational architecture operates at relatively low clock frequencies…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-01-12 Onur Dizdar , Erdal Arıkan

This paper explores list decoding of convolutional and polar codes for short messages such as those found in the 5G physical broadcast channel. A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is used to select a codeword from a list of likely codewords.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Jacob King , Alexandra Kwon , Hengjie Yang , William Ryan , Richard D. Wesel