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We define a normal graph algebra modeled on algebras used in genetics. Although the algebra does not always determine its graph, it often highlights special features. After developing basic properties of the algebra, we examine those of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-23 Harold N. Ward

Lie algebras are an important class of algebras which arise throughout mathematics and physics. We report on the formalisation of Lie algebras in Lean's Mathlib library. Although basic knowledge of Lie theory will benefit the reader, none…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Oliver Nash

We study a class of algebras we regard as generalized Rock-Paper-Scissors games. We determine when such algebras can exist, show that these algebras generate the varieties generated by hypertournament algebras, count these algebras, study…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Charlotte Aten

We explore from an algebraic viewpoint the properties of the tree languages definable with a first-order formula involving the ancestor predicate, using the description of these languages as those recognized by iterated block products of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Martin Beaudry

Given a regular language L, we effectively construct a unary semigroup that recognizes the topological closure of L in the free unary semigroup relative to the variety of unary semigroups generated by the pseudovariety R of all finite…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Jorge Almeida , José Carlos Costa , Marc Zeitoun

We show that a class of algebras is closed under the taking of homomorphic images and direct products if and only if the class consists of all algebras that satisfy a set of (generally simultaneous) equations. For classes of regular…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-23 Peter M Higgins , Marcel Jackson

We develop an analogue of universal algebra in which generating symbols are interpreted as relations. We prove a variety theorem for these relational algebraic theories, in which we find that their categories of models are precisely the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-09 Chad Nester

Due to the works of S. Bozapalidis and A. Alexandrakis, there is a well-known characterization of recognizable weighted tree languages over fields in terms of finite-dimensionality of syntactic vector spaces. Here we prove a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Zoltán Fülöp , Heiko Vogler

A fundamental theme in automata theory is regular languages of words and trees, and their many equivalent definitions. Salvati has proposed a generalization to regular languages of simply typed $\lambda$-terms, defined using denotational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Vincent Moreau , Lê Thành Dũng Nguyên

This paper explores the fine-grained structure of classes of regular languages maintainable in fragments of first-order logic within the dynamic descriptive complexity framework of Patnaik and Immerman. A result by Hesse states that the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Corentin Barloy , Felix Tschirbs , Nils Vortmeier , Thomas Zeume

This paper proposes an algebraic view of trees which opens the doors to an alternative computational scheme with respect to classic algorithms. In particular, it is shown that this view is very well-suited for machine learning and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Alessandro Betti , Marco Gori

This paper proposes a definition of recognizable transducers over monads and comonads, which bridges two important ongoing efforts in the current research on regularity. The first effort is the study of regular transductions, which extends…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Rafał Stefański

We study the question of whether a given regular language of finite trees can be defined in first-order logic. We develop an algebraic approach to address this question and we use it to derive several necessary and sufficient conditions for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Achim Blumensath

We define varieties of algebras for an arbitrary endofunctor on a cocomplete category using pairs of natural transformations. This approach is proved to be equivalent to the one of equational classes defined by equation arrows. Free…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2009-04-13 Jan Pavlík

We give characterizations for the parabolicity of regular trees.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-09-03 Khanh Ngoc Nguyen

A leaf path language is a Boolean combination of sets of the form $\mathsf{{}^mE}^k L$, with $k \ge 1$ and $L$ a regular word language, which consist of those forests where the node labels in at least $k$ leaf-to-root paths make up a word…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Martin Beaudry

Coalgebras for analytic functors uniformly model graph-like systems where the successors of a state may admit certain symmetries. Examples of successor structure include ordered tuples, cyclic lists and multisets. Motivated by goals in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Anton Chernev , Corina Cîrstea , Helle Hvid Hansen , Clemens Kupke

The grammar representation of a narrowing tree for a syntactically deterministic conditional term rewriting system and a pair of terms is a regular tree grammar that generates expressions for substitutions obtained by all possible…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Naoki Nishida , Yuya Maeda

Every metric symplectic Lie algebra has the structure of a quadratic extension. We give a standard model and describe the equivalence classes on the level of corresponding quadratic cohomology sets. Finally, we give a scheme to classify the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-09-13 Mathias Fischer

We show that the set of all formulas in n variables valid in a finite class A of finite algebras is always a regular tree language, and compute a finite axiom set for A. We give a rational reconstruction of Barzdins' liquid flow algorithm…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-03-31 Jochen Burghardt