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Nematic liquid crystal (LC) is a partially ordered matter that has been a popular model system for studying a variety of topological behaviors in condensed matter. In this work, utilizing a spontaneously twisting achiral LC, we introduce a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-11-02 Madina Almukambetova , Arman Javadi , Jonghee Eun , Juneil Jang , Cheol-Min Ghim , Joonwoo Jeong

I describe new phases of a chiral liquid crystal with nematic and hexatic order. I find a conical phase, similar to that of a cholesteric in an applied magnetic field for Frank elastic constants $K_2>K_3$. I discuss the role of fluctuations…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 Randall D. Kamien

Understanding chirality transfer from the molecular to the macroscopic scale poses a significant challenge in soft and biological condensed matter physics. Many nanorods of biological origin not only have chiral molecular features but also…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-30 William S. Fall , Henricus H. Wensink

We study the chiral symmetry breaking and metastability of confined nematic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC) with and without chiral dopants. The isotropic-nematic coexistence phase of the LCLC renders two confining geometries:…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-12-27 Jungmyung Kim , Joonwoo Jeong

The motion of topological defects is an important feature of the dynamics of all liquid crystals, and is especially conspicuous in active liquid crystals. Understanding defect motion is a challenging theoretical problem, because the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-01-24 Xingzhou Tang , Jonathan V. Selinger

Topological defects, or singularities, play a key role in the statics and dynamics of complex systems. In magnetism, Bloch point singularities represent point defects that mediate the nucleation of textures such as skyrmions and hopfions.…

Suspended droplets of cholesteric (chiral nematic) liquid crystals spontaneously rotate in the presence of a heat flux due to a temperature gradient, a phenomenon known as Lehmann effect. So far, it is not clear whether this effect is due…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-08-03 Jordi Ignés-Mullol , Guilhem Poy , Patrick Oswald

Building a general theoretical framework to describe the microscopic origin of macroscopic chirality in (colloidal) liquid crystals is a long-standing challenge. Here, we combine classical density functional theory with Monte Carlo…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-23 Simone Dussi , Simone Belli , René van Roij , Marjolein Dijkstra

Peculiarities of the defect modes of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) with an isotropic/anisotropic defect inside are investigated. The influence of the defect layer thickness and its anisotropy of refraction, the influence of the system…

Dihedral ('$k$-atic') liquid crystals (DLCs) are assemblies of microscopic constituent particles that exhibit $k$-fold discrete rotational and reflection symmetries. Generalizing the half-integer defects in nematic liquid crystals,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-07-28 Alexander Mietke , Jörn Dunkel

Field theories predict that phase transitions sequentially breaking continuous and discrete symmetries can generate hybrid topological structures in which defects of different dimensionalities merge. We report experimental and numerical…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-09 Shengzhu Yi , Chao Zhou , Zening Hong , Zhongjie Ma , Mingjun Huang , Satoshi Aya , Rui Zhang , Qi-Huo Wei

In this paper, we propose a suitable surface energy expression for cholesteric liquid crystals. We show that there exists a symmetry allowed term for chiral nematics that doesn't appear in the traditional Rapini-Papoular surface energy…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-07-22 Tianyi Guo , Xiaoyu Zheng , Peter Palffy-Muhoray

Two nematic shells brought in contact coalesce in order to reduce their interfacial tension. This process proceeds through the creation of a liquid neck-like bridge through which the encapsulated fluid flows. Following this topological…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-17 Badel L. Mbanga , Kate K. Voorhes , Timothy J. Atherton

We investigate the statistical mechanics of chirality and biaxiality in liquid crystals through a variety of theoretical approaches, including Monte Carlo simulations, lattice mean-field theory, and Landau theory. All of these calculations…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2011-11-04 Subas Dhakal , Jonathan V. Selinger

We propose a construction of a cholesteric pitch axis for an arbitrary nematic director field as an eigenvalue problem. Our definition leads to a Frenet-Serret description of an orthonormal triad determined by this axis, the director, and…

One of the central experimental efforts in nematic colloids research aims to explore how the interplay between the geometry of particles along with the accompanying nematic director deformations and defects around them can provide a means…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-12-28 Bohdan Senyuk , Manoj B. Pandey , Qingkun Liu , Mykola Tasinkevych , Ivan I. Smalyukh

Cholesteric elastomers possess a macroscopic ``phase chirality'' as the director n rotates in a helical fashion along an optical axis $z$ and can be described by a chiral order parameter. This parameter can be tuned by changing the helix…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-24 S. Courty , A. R. Tajbakhsh , E. M. Terentjev

Many bent-core nematic liquid crystals exhibit unusual physical properties due to the presence of smectic clusters, known as "cybotactic" clusters in the nematic phase. Effect of these clusters on complex shear modulus ($G^*(\omega)$) of…

Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and plays crucial roles in biology, medicine, physics and materials science. Understanding and controlling chirality is therefore an important research challenge with broad implications in fundamental and…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-05-09 Gustav Nyström , Mario Arcari , Raffaele Mezzenga

Mechanically quenching a thin film of smectic-C liquid crystal results in the formation of a dense array of thousands of topological defects in the director field. The subsequent rapid coarsening of the film texture by the mutual…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-04-19 Ravin A. Chowdhury , Adam A. S. Green , Cheol S. Park , Joseph E. Maclennan , Noel A. Clark