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Polarimetry is one of the most informative techniques of studying magnetic fields in molecular clouds. How reliable the interpretation of the polarization maps in terms of magnetic fields is the issue that the grain alignment theory…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 A. Lazarian , J. Cho

The rapid depletion of dust particles in protoplanetary disks limits the time available for planetesimal formation, as solids are typically accreted onto the central star before dust particles can undergo substantial growth. Dust traps…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-06 D. Tarczay-Nehéz

Aims: Grain growth has been suggested as one possible explanation for the diminished dust optical depths in the inner regions of protoplanetary "transition" disks. In this work, we directly test this hypothesis in the context of current…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-28 T. Birnstiel , S. M. Andrews , B. Ercolano

Turbulent coagulation in protoplanetary disks is known to operate on timescale far shorter than the lifetime of the disk. In the absence of mechanisms that replenish the small dust grain population, protoplanetary disks would rapidly lose…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 C. Dominik , C. P. Dullemond

The prevalence of short-period super-Earths that are independent of host metallicity challenges the theoretical construction of their origin. We propose that dust trapping in the global pressure bump induced by magnetospheric truncation in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-16 Rixin Li , Yi-Xian Chen , Douglas N. C. Lin

The inner regions of protoplanetary disks are host to the sublimation of dust grains, a process traditionally modeled using equilibrium thermodynamics. We demonstrate through ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-16 Sheng Xu , Lile Wang , Luis C. Ho , Renyue Cen , Shenzhen Xu

In a series of papers, we present a comprehensive analytic study of the global motion of growing dust grains in protoplanetary discs, addressing both the radial drift and the vertical settling of the particles. Here we study how the radial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Guillaume Laibe , Jean-François Gonzalez , Sarah T. Maddison

One of the puzzles to have emerged from the Kepler and TESS missions is the existence of unexplained dips in the lightcurves of a small fraction of rapidly-rotating M dwarfs in young open clusters and star-forming regions. We present a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 Hannah Sanderson , Moira Jardine , Andrew Collier Cameron , Julien Morin , Jean-Francois Donati

We examine the ability of stellar X-rays to desorb molecules from grains in outer protoplanetary disks. In particular, we consider the possibility of spot heating by X-rays and examine its effectiveness, compared to whole grain heating by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Joan Najita , Edwin A. Bergin , Joel N. Ullom

The optical and magnetic properties of dust grains are reviewed, as they relate to the problem of interstellar grain alignment. Grain geometry plays an important role in determining the optical properties, and scattering and absorption of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. T. Draine

We are living in a dusty universe: dust is ubiquitously seen in a wide variety of astrophysical environments, ranging from circumstellar envelopes around cool red giants to supernova ejecta, from diffuse and dense interstellar clouds and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Aigen Li

The aim of this study is to examine dust dynamics on a large scale and investigate the coupling of dust with gas fluid in the star formation process. We propose a method for calculating the dust trajectory in a gravitationally collapsing…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-17 Shunta Koga , Yoshihiro Kawasaki , Masahiro N. Machida

Circumstellar discs are expected to be the nursery of planets. Grain growth within such discs is the first step in the planet formation process in the core-accretion gas-capture scenario. We aim at providing selected criteria on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Juergen Sauter , Sebastian Wolf

We aim to study the migration of growing dust grains in protoplanetary discs, where growth and migration are tightly coupled. This includes the crucial issue of the radial-drift barrier for growing dust grains. We therefore extend the study…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Guillaume Laibe

Thermal dust polarization is a powerful tool to probe magnetic fields ($\textbf{B}$) and grain properties. However, a systematic study of the dependence of dust polarization on grain properties in protostellar environments is not yet…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-03-14 Nguyen Chau Giang , Thiem Hoang

Millimeter interferometry provides evidence for the presence of mm to cm size "pebbles" in the outer parts of disks around pre-main-sequence stars. The observations suggest that large grains are produced relatively early in disk evolution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 F. Brauer , C. P. Dullemond , A. Johansen , Th. Henning , H. Klahr , A. Natta

The size of dust grains, $a$, is key to the physical and chemical processes in circumstellar disks, but observational constraints of grain size remain challenging. (Sub)millimeter continuum observations often show a percent-level…

Dust grains drift through the interstellar medium (ISM) and are aligned with the magnetic field. Here we study the effect of grain alignment and grain motion on grain growth in molecular clouds (MCs). We first discuss the characteristic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-04-06 Thiem Hoang

Irregular dust grains are subject to radiative torques when irradiated by interstellar starlight. It is shown how these radiative torques may be calculated using the discrete dipole approximation. Calculations are carried out for one…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 B. T. Draine , Joseph C. Weingartner

The low carbon content of Earth and primitive meteorites compared to the Sun and interstellar grains suggests that carbon-rich grains were destroyed in the inner few astronomical units of the young solar system. A promising mechanism to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-24 Merel L. R. van 't Hoff , Edwin A. Bergin , Penelope Riley , Sanil Mittal , Jes K. Jørgensen , John J. Tobin