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Related papers: Metrics for Signal Temporal Logic Formulae

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We present a new approach for the design of a synthetic biological circuit whose behaviour is specified in terms of signal temporal logic (STL) formulae. We first show how to characterise with STL formulae the input/output behaviour of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-06-20 Ezio Bartocci , Luca Bortolussi , Laura Nenzi

We present a new average-based robustness score for Signal Temporal Logic (STL) and a framework for optimal control of a dynamical system under STL constraints. By averaging the scores of different specifications or subformulae at different…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Noushin Mehdipour , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on long-form, multi-step reasoning to solve complex tasks such as mathematical problem solving and scientific question answering. Despite strong performance, existing confidence estimation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhenjiang Mao , Anirudhh Venkat , Artem Bisliouk , Akshat Kothiyal , Sindhura Kumbakonam Subramanian , Saithej Singhu , Ivan Ruchkin

Temporal logic inference is the process of extracting formal descriptions of system behaviors from data in the form of temporal logic formulas. The existing temporal logic inference methods mostly neglect uncertainties in the data, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Nasim Baharisangari , Jean-Raphaël Gaglione , Daniel Neider , Ufuk Topcu , Zhe Xu

Recent years have seen an increasing use of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) as a formal specification language for symbolic control, due to its expressiveness and closeness to natural language. Furthermore, STL specifications can be encoded as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-11 Yann Gilpin , Vince Kurtz , Hai Lin

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) has been widely adopted as a specification language for specifying desirable behaviors of hybrid systems. By monitoring a given STL specification, we can detect the executions that violate it, which are often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhenya Zhang , Parv Kapoor , Jie An , Eunsuk Kang

Signal temporal logic (STL) is a powerful tool for describing complex behaviors for dynamical systems. Among many approaches, the control problem for systems under STL task constraints is well suited for learning-based solutions, because…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Peter Varnai , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

As learned control policies become increasingly common in autonomous systems, there is increasing need to ensure that they are interpretable and can be checked by human stakeholders. Formal specifications have been proposed as ways to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Isabelle Hurley , Rohan Paleja , Ashley Suh , Jaime D. Peña , Ho Chit Siu

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formal language over continuous-time signals (such as trajectories of a multi-agent system) that allows for the specification of complex spatial and temporal system requirements (such as staying sufficiently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Joris Verhagen , Lars Lindemann , Jana Tumova

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in various robotics applications, yet its deployment on real systems is still limited due to safety and operational constraints. The safe RL field has gained considerable attention in recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Sadık Bera Yüksel , Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray

In spatially located, large scale systems, time and space dynamics interact and drives the behaviour. Examples of such systems can be found in many smart city applications and Cyber-Physical Systems. In this paper we present the Signal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 L. Nenzi , L. Bortolussi , V. Ciancia , M. Loreti , M. Massink

We propose an interval extension of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) called Interval Signal Temporal Logic (\ISTL). Given an STL formula, we consider an interval inclusion function for each of its predicates. Then, we use minimal inclusion…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-13 Luke Baird , Akash Harapanahalli , Samuel Coogan

Natural language is an intuitive way for humans to communicate tasks to a robot. While natural language (NL) is ambiguous, real world tasks and their safety requirements need to be communicated unambiguously. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Sara Mohammadinejad , Jesse Thomason , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

We propose a new robustness score for continuous-time Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications. Instead of considering only the most severe point along the evolution of the signal, we use average scores to extract more information from…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Noushin Mehdipour , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

This paper presents a technique, named STLCG, to compute the quantitative semantics of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulas using computation graphs. STLCG provides a platform which enables the incorporation of logical specifications into…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-28 Karen Leung , Nikos Aréchiga , Marco Pavone

We present a robust control framework for time-critical systems in which satisfying real-time constraints robustly is of utmost importance for the safety of the system. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) provides a formal means to express a large…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-15 Alena Rodionova , Lars Lindemann , Manfred Morari , George J. Pappas

Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) is a popular formalism to specify temporal patterns with timing constraints over the behavior of cyber-physical systems with application areas ranging in property-based testing, robotics, optimization, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Dogan Ulus

Symbolic control problems aim to synthesize control policies for dynamical systems under complex temporal specifications. For such problems, Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is increasingly used as the formal specification language due to its…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-17 Shirantha Welikala , Hai Lin , Panos J. Antsaklis

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a specification language for finite sequences (called traces) widely used in program verification, motion planning in robotics, process mining, and many other areas. We consider the problem of learning LTL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ritam Raha , Rajarshi Roy , Nathanaël Fijalkow , Daniel Neider

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is expressive formal language that specifies spatio-temporal requirements in robotics. Its quantitative robustness semantics can be easily integrated with optimization-based control frameworks. However, STL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tianhao Wu , Yiwei Lyu