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A new version of a strong law of large numbers for a ``good'' pairwise independent sequence of random variables (r.v.'s) with a small part of ``bad'' dependent r.v.'s is proposed. The main goal is to relax the assumption on the existence of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-10 I. V. Kozlov , A. Yu. Veretennikov

A problem is a multivalued function from a set of \emph{instances} to a set of \emph{solutions}. We consider only instances and solutions coded by sets of integers. A problem admits preservation of some computability-theoretic weakness…

Turing's famous 'machine' framework provides an intuitively clear conception of 'computing with real numbers'. A recursive counterexample to a theorem shows that the theorem does not hold when restricted to computable objects. These…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Sam Sanders

Solomonoff unified Occam's razor and Epicurus' principle of multiple explanations to one elegant, formal, universal theory of inductive inference, which initiated the field of algorithmic information theory. His central result is that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Marcus Hutter

We study algorithmic randomness properties for probability measures on Cantor space. We say that a measure $\mu$ on the space of infinite bit sequences is ML absolutely continuous if the non-ML-random bit sequences form a null set with…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-10-19 Andre Nies , Frank Stephan

A type-2 computable real function is necessarily continuous; and this remains true for relative, i.e. oracle-based computations. Conversely, by the Weierstrass Approximation Theorem, every continuous f:[0,1]->R is computable relative to…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Arno Pauly , Martin Ziegler

We prove that the statement "there is a $k$ such that for every $f$ there is a $k$-bounded diagonally non-recursive function relative to $f$" does not imply weak K\"onig's lemma over $\mathrm{RCA}_0 + \mathrm{B}\Sigma^0_2$. This answers a…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-02-12 François G. Dorais , Jeffry L. Hirst , Paul Shafer

In this paper we examine the reverse mathematical strength of a variation of Hindman's Theorem HT constructed by essentially combining HT with the Thin Set Theorem TS to obtain a principle which we call thin-HT. thin-HT says that every…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Denis R. Hirschfeldt , Sarah C. Reitzes

It is known that several variations of the axiom of determinacy play important roles in the study of reverse mathematics, and the relation between the hierarchy of determinacy and comprehension are revealed by Tanaka, Nemoto, Montalb\'an,…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-05-22 Leonardo Pacheco , Keita Yokoyama

We survey the Kolmogorov's approach to the notion of randomness through the Kolmogorov complexity theory. The original motivation of Kolmogorov was to give up a quantitative definition of information. In this theory, an object is randomness…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-01-03 Marie Ferbus-Zanda , Serge Grigorieff

We investigate the statement "the order topology of every countable complete linear order is compact" in the framework of reverse mathematics, and we find that the statement's strength depends on the precise formulation of compactness. If…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-08-01 Paul Shafer

This paper is a contribution to the growing investigation of strong reducibilities between $\Pi^1_2$ statements of second-order arithmetic, viewed as an extension of the traditional analysis of reverse mathematics. We answer several…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-04-09 Damir D. Dzhafarov

Algorithmic randomness theory starts with a notion of an individual random object. To be reasonable, this notion should have some natural properties; in particular, an object should be random with respect to image distribution if and only…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-15 Laurent Bienvenu , Mathieu Hoyrup , Alexander Shen

We show that there is a strong connection between Weihrauch reducibility on one hand, and provability in EL_0, the intuitionistic version of RCA_0, on the other hand. More precisely, we show that Weihrauch reducibility to the composition of…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-11-18 Rutger Kuyper

This article critically reappraises arguments in support of Cantor's theory of transfinite numbers. The following results are reported: i) Cantor's proofs of nondenumerability are refuted by analyzing the logical inconsistencies in…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2010-02-25 J. A. Perez

G\"odel's second incompleteness theorem is standardly understood as showing that no sufficiently strong, consistent theory of arithmetic can prove its own consistency, a result typically interpreted against a model-theoretic background in…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Alexander V. Gheorghiu

Recently it has been proved that, assuming that there is an almost disjoint family of cardinality (2^{\mathfrak c}) in (\mathfrak c) (which is assured, for instance, by either Martin's Axiom, or CH, or even $2^{<\mathfrak c=\mathfrak c$})…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2012-07-13 Jose Luis Gamez-Merino , Juan B. Seoane-Sepulveda

In his first set theory paper (1874), Cantor establishes the uncountability of $\mathbb{R}$. We study the latter in Kohlenbach's higher-order Reverse Mathematics, motivated by the observation that one cannot study concepts like `arbitrary…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-04-22 Sam Sanders

We prove that for an arbitrary subtree $T$ of $2^{<\omega}$ with each element extendable to a path, a given countable class $\mathcal{M}$ closed under disjoint union, and any set $A$, if none of the members of $\mathcal{M}$ strongly…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-02-12 Lu Liu

A Ramsey-like theorem is a statement of the form ``For every 2-coloring of $[\mathbb{N}]^2$, there exists an infinite set~$H \subseteq \mathbb{N}$ such that $[H]^2$ avoids some pattern''. We prove that none of these statements are…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Ahmed Mimouni , Ludovic Patey