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Several lines of evidence suggest that the galaxy cluster Cl0024+17, an apparently relaxed system, is actually a collision of two clusters, the interaction occurring along our line of sight. Recent lensing observations suggest the presence…
We use molecular dynamics computer simulations to study the dynamics of amorphous (Na_2O)2(SiO_2). We find that the Na ions move in channels embedded in a SiO_2 matrix. The characteristic distance between these channels gives rise to a…
Flying-focus wakefields, which can propagate with a tunable velocity along the optical axis, are promising solutions to electron dephasing in laser-wakefield accelerators. This is accomplished by a combination of spatio-temporal couplings…
The central molecular zone (CMZ) of our Galaxy exhibits widespread emission from SiO and various complex organic molecules (COMs), yet the exact origin of such emission is uncertain. Here we report the discovery of a unique class of long…
A charge bunch moving in a plasma can excite a variety of linear and nonlinear waves in the form of trailing wakes, fore-wake shocks and precursor solitons. These structures can further interact with the background plasma to create…
The interaction of ultra-intense lasers with solid foils can be used to accelerate ions to high energies well exceeding 60 MeV. The non-linear relativistic motion of electrons in the intense laser radiation leads to their acceleration and…
Plasma acceleration has emerged as a promising technology for future particle accelerators, particularly linear colliders. Significant progress has been made in recent decades toward high-efficiency and high-quality acceleration of…
Energetic ions have been observed since the very first laser-plasma experiments.Their origin was found to be the charge separation of electrons heated by thelaser, which transfers energy to the ions accelerated in the field. The adventof…
We investigate by particle-in-cell simulations in two and three dimensions the laser-plasma interaction and the proton acceleration in multilayer targets where a low density "near-critical" layer of a few micron thickness is added on the…
A unique property of size-resolved metal nanocluster particles is their "superatom"-like electronic shell structure. The shell levels are highly degenerate, and it has been predicted that this can enable exceptionally strong…
The ALICE experiment studies Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC in order to investigate the properties of the hot and dense QCD matter at extreme energy densities. Recent results from ALICE in identified particle flow allow for the exploration of…
Observations and theory both suggest that star clusters form sub-virial (cool) with highly sub-structured distributions. We perform a large ensemble of N-body simulations of moderate-sized (N=1000) cool, fractal clusters to investigate…
The independent atom and electron model [1] is introduced in a quantum context and associated approximations tentatively estimated. Confrontation of the model to measured ionization and excitation cross sections of small ionic carbon…
The cooling flow cluster Hydra A was observed during the orbital activation and calibration phase of the Chandra Observatory. While the X-ray image of the cluster exhibits complex structure in the central region as reported in McNamara…
Using long slit emission-line spectra we detect a fast outflow of ionized gas, with velocities up to 1000 km/s, in the nearby powerful radio galaxy 3C 293 (z = 0.045). The fast outflow is located about 1 kpc east of the nucleus, in a region…
Wakefield oscillations created by the ion wakefield existing below a dust particle within the plasma sheath generated above a powered lower electrode in a GEC rf reference cell carry information about the plasma sheath, the dust particle…
The physical properties of the faint and extremely tenuous plasma in the far outskirts of galaxy clusters, the circumgalactic media of normal galaxies, and filaments of the cosmic web, remain one of the biggest unknowns in our story of…
The available sites for ions in a typical disordered ionic conductor are determined. For this purpose we devised a straightforward algorithm which via cluster analysis identifies these sites from long time ionic trajectories below the glass…
The motion of electrons and ions in medium-sized rare gas clusters (1000 atoms) exposed to intense laser pulses is studied microscopically by means of classical molecular dynamics using a hierarchical tree code. Pulse parameters for optimum…
Understanding the structure and dynamics of Earth's inner core is essential for constraining its composition, thermal evolution, and seismic properties. Silicon is a probable major component of Earth's core. Using first-principles molecular…