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Pothos & Busemeyer's (P&B's) query about whether quantum probability can provide a foundation for the cognitive modeling embodies so many underlying implications that the subject is far from exhausted. In this brief commentary, however, I…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-09-05 Alexandre de Castro

The notion of probability plays an important role in almost all areas of science and technology. In modern mathematics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure theory, and the operational characterization of the notion…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-17 Kohtaro Tadaki

The notion of probability plays an important role in almost all areas of science and technology. In modern mathematics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure theory, and the operational characterization of the notion…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-09 Kohtaro Tadaki

Expected utility theory (EUT) is widely used in economic theory. However, its subjective probability formulation, first elaborated by Savage, is linked to Ellsberg-like paradoxes and ambiguity aversion. This has led various scholars to work…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2019-02-12 Diederik Aerts , Emmanuel Haven , Sandro Sozzo

An approach is presented treating decision theory as a probabilistic theory based on quantum techniques. Accurate definitions are given and thorough analysis is accomplished for the quantum probabilities describing the choice between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-06 V. I. Yukalov

A fruitful way of obtaining meaningful, possibly concrete, algorithmically random numbers is to consider a potential behaviour of a Turing machine and its probability with respect to a measure (or semi-measure) on the input space of binary…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-06-13 George Barmpalias , Douglas Cenzer , Christopher P. Porter

Solomonoff's inductive learning model is a powerful, universal and highly elegant theory of sequence prediction. Its critical flaw is that it is incomputable and thus cannot be used in practice. It is sometimes suggested that it may still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Shane Legg

We consider the problem of extracting physical predictions from the wave function of the universe in quantum cosmological models. We state the features of quantum cosmology an interpretational scheme should confront. We discuss the Everett…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Jonathan J. Halliwell

We offer a view of mathematics as an experimental science where axioms play the role of foundational theories like general relativity and quantum mechanics in physics. Under this view, axioms are provisional and inferred from experience…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Asvin G

Simulation of quantum matters is a significant application of quantum computers. In contrast to the unitary operation which can be realized naturally on a quantum computer, the implementation of nonunitary operation, widely used in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Tong Liu , Jin-Guo Liu , Heng Fan

Quantum amplitude amplification and estimation have shown quadratic speedups to unstructured search and estimation tasks. We show that a coherent combination of these quantum algorithms also provides a quadratic speedup to calculating the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-03 Caleb Rotello

Several recent works have developed a new, probabilistic interpretation for numerical algorithms solving linear systems in which the solution is inferred in a Bayesian framework, either directly or by inferring the unknown action of the…

Computation · Statistics 2018-10-18 Simon Bartels , Jon Cockayne , Ilse C. F. Ipsen , Philipp Hennig

The notion of equality between two observables will play many important roles in foundations of quantum theory. However, the standard probabilistic interpretation based on the conventional Born formula does not give the probability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-31 Masanao Ozawa

This paper studies the probabilistic function approximation problem over reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We show the existence and uniqueness of the optimizer under mild assumptions. Furthermore, we generalize the celebrated representer…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Dongwei Chen , Kai-Hsiang Wang

In this paper we introduce the three main notions of probability used by physicists and discuss how these are to be used when invoking spacelike separated observers in a relativistic format. We discuss a standard EPRB experiment and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Thomas Marlow

We introduce the Probabilistic Worldbuilding Model (PWM), a new fully-symbolic Bayesian model of semantic parsing and reasoning, as a first step in a research program toward more domain- and task-general NLU and AI. Humans create internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Abulhair Saparov , Tom M. Mitchell

Recent results suggest that quantum mechanical phenomena may be interpreted as a failure of standard probability theory and may be described by a Bayesian complex probability theory.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Saul Youssef

We apply recent ideas about complexity and randomness to the philosophy of laws and chances. We develop two ways to use algorithmic randomness to characterize probabilistic laws of nature. The first, a generative chance* law, employs a…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Jeffrey A. Barrett , Eddy Keming Chen

This research applies concepts from algorithmic probability to Boolean and quantum combinatorial logic circuits. A tutorial-style introduction to states and various notions of the complexity of states are presented. Thereafter, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-06 Bao Gia Bach , Akash Kundu , Tamal Acharya , Aritra Sarkar

Everett's interpretation of quantum mechanics was proposed to avoid problems inherent in the prevailing interpretational frame. It assumes that quantum mechanics can be applied to any system and that the state vector always evolves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-03 Louis Marchildon