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It is well known that, under suitable conditions, microRNAs are able to fine tune the relative concentration of their targets to any desired value. We show that this function is particularly effective when one of the targets is a…
The size of mature oocytes is similar across mammalian species, yet the size of ovarian follicles increases with species size, with some ovarian follicles reaching diameters more than 1000-fold the size of the enclosed oocyte. Here we show…
Objective: We hypothesized that prenatal stress (PS) exerts lasting impact on fetal heart rate (fHR). We sought to validate the presence of such PS signature in fHR by measuring coupling between maternal HR (mHR) and fHR. Study design:…
The binding of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) to its cell surface receptor (CSR) and subsequent signal transduction is known to be enhanced by Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs bind FGF-2 with low affinity and likely…
We report the analysis of activation by corticosteroids and progesterone of full-length mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) from elephant shark, a cartilaginous fish belonging to the oldest group of jawed vertebrates. Based on their measured…
In this paper, we study an excitable, biophysical system that supports wave propagation of nerve impulses. We consider a slow-fast, FitzHugh-Rinzel neuron model where only the membrane voltage interacts diffusively, giving rise to the…
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF$\beta$) plays a central role in morphogenesis, growth, and cell differentiation. This cytokine is particularly important in cartilage where it regulates cell proliferation and extracellular matrix…
Mitochondrial research is important to ageing, apoptosis, and mitochondrial diseases. In previous works, mitochondria are usually stimulated indirectly by proapoptotic drugs to study mitochondrial development, which is in lack of…
We propose a mathematical model allowing for the alternating pulse and surge pattern of GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone) secretion. The model is based on the coupling between two systems running on different time scales. The faster…
Self-regulatory models are common in nature, as described e.g. in (\cite{mur}), (\cite{ha}) and (\cite{Gb}).\\ Let us consider a system made up of a number of glands as a motivation. Each gland secretes a hormone that allows secretion in…
Working memory (WM) allows information to be stored and manipulated over short time scales. Performance on WM tasks is thought to be supported by the frontoparietal system (FPS), the default mode system (DMS), and interactions between them.…
We derive the SFH of MS galaxies showing how the SFH peak of a galaxy depends on its seed mass at e.g. z=5. Following the MS, galaxies undergo a drastic slow down of their stellar mass growth after reaching the peak of their SFH. According…
Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, an evolutionary conserved pathway, is crucial for brain function and cognition throughout life, from early development to ageing. In humans, TH deficiency during pregnancy alters offspring brain development,…
Auxin is considered one of the cardinal hormones in plant growth and development. It regulates a wide range of processes throughout the plant. Synthetic auxins exploit the auxin-signalling pathway and are valuable as herbicidal…
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a diverse and vital family of membrane proteins that mediate intracellular signaling in response to extracellular stimuli, playing critical roles in physiology and disease. Traditionally…
In this work, we describe a computational framework for the genome-wide identification and characterization of mixed transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulatory circuits in humans. We concentrated in particular on feed-forward loops…
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and development. Binding of the retinoic acid hormone to RAR is accompanied by…
There is much concern about disruption of endocrine physiology regulated by steroid hormones in humans, other terrestrial vertebrates and fish by industrial chemicals, such as bisphenol A, and pesticides, such as DDT. These…
Brain operates at remarkably low signal power. It has been noted that noise may play a constructive role in neural networks and facilitate the subthreshold signaling. The process of spiking pattern excitation at the characteristic neuronal…
In Dou et al. (2021), we introduced the Fundamental Formation Relation (FFR), a tight relation between specific SFR (sSFR), H$_2$ star formation efficiency (SFE$_{\rm H_2}$), and the ratio of H$_2$ to stellar mass. Here we show that atomic…