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Modern science is reaching a critical inflection point. Instruments across disciplines, from particle physics and astronomy to genomics and climate modeling, now produce data of such scale, diversity, and interdependence that traditional…
When used in high-stakes settings, AI systems are expected to produce decisions that are transparent, interpretable and auditable, a requirement increasingly expected by regulations. Decision trees such as CART provide clear and verifiable…
One of the dramatic trends at the intersection of computing and healthcare has been patients' increased access to medical information, ranging from self-tracked physiological data to genetic data, tests, and scans. Increasingly however,…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is starting to transform the research process as we know it by automating the discovery of new solutions. Given a task, the typical AI-driven approach is (i) to generate a set of diverse solutions, and then (ii)…
The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed healthcare, particularly in the domain of Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM). This chapter explores the integration of AI in RPM, highlighting real-life…
One of the basic tasks which is responded for head of each university department, is employing lecturers based on some default factors such as experience, evidences, qualifies and etc. In this respect, to help the heads, some automatic…
Algorithmic decision support (ADS), using Machine-Learning-based AI, is becoming a major part of many processes. Organizations introduce ADS to improve decision-making and use available data, thereby possibly limiting deviations from the…
Medical imaging plays an important role in the medical sector in identifying diseases. X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are a few examples of medical imaging. Most of the time, these imaging…
The Internet has become a very powerful platform where diverse medical information are expressed daily. Recently, a huge growth is seen in searches like symptoms, diseases, medicines, and many other health related queries around the globe.…
Advances in computing power, deep learning architectures, and expert labelled datasets have spurred the development of medical imaging artificial intelligence systems that rival clinical experts in a variety of scenarios. The National…
There is a growing demand for the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in healthcare, particularly as clinical decision support systems to assist medical professionals. However, the complexity of many of these…
Precision medicine is a promising approach for accessible disease diagnosis and personalized intervention planning in high-mortality diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), and chronic illnesses like…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being increasingly deployed in practical applications. However, there is a major concern whether AI systems will be trusted by humans. In order to establish trust in AI systems, there is a need for users to…
Doctors often rely on their past experience in order to diagnose patients. For a doctor with enough experience, almost every patient would have similarities to key cases seen in the past, and each new patient could be viewed as a mixture of…
As artificial intelligence (AI) systems play an increasingly prominent role in human decision-making, challenges surface in the realm of human-AI interactions. One challenge arises from the suboptimal AI policies due to the inadequate…
The way of analyzing, designing and building of real-time projects has been changed due to the rapid growth of internet, mobile technologies and intelligent applications. Most of these applications are intelligent, tiny and distributed…
In this manuscript, we present an argument that machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, can drive improvement in value-based health care through reducing error in clinical decision making. Much of what has been previously…
The development of large language models (LLMs) has brought unprecedented possibilities for artificial intelligence (AI) based medical diagnosis. However, the application perspective of LLMs in real diagnostic scenarios is still unclear…
The increasing prevalence of retinal diseases poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system, as the demand for ophthalmologists surpasses the available workforce. This imbalance creates a bottleneck in diagnosis and treatment,…
The main contribution of this paper is the development of a new decision tree algorithm. The proposed approach allows users to guide the algorithm through the data partitioning process. We believe this feature has many applications but in…