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Expected Shortfall (ES, also known as CVaR) is the most important coherent risk measure in finance, insurance, risk management, and engineering. Recently, Wang and Zitikis (2021) put forward four economic axioms for portfolio risk…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-04-05 Xia Han , Bin Wang , Ruodu Wang , Qinyu Wu

We develop new methods to integrate experimental and observational data in causal inference. While randomized controlled trials offer strong internal validity, they are often costly and therefore limited in sample size. Observational data,…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-04 Xuelin Yang , Licong Lin , Susan Athey , Michael I. Jordan , Guido W. Imbens

The extreme cases of risk measures, when considered within the context of distributional ambiguity, provide significant guidance for practitioners specializing in risk management of quantitative finance and insurance. In contrast to the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-01 Yuting Su , Taizhong Hu , Zhenfeng Zou

Entropic Value-at-Risk (EVaR) measure is a convenient coherent risk measure. Due to certain difficulties in finding its analytical representation, it was previously calculated explicitly only for the normal distribution. We succeeded to…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-03-05 Yuliya Mishura , Kostiantyn Ralchenko , Petro Zelenko , Volodymyr Zubchenko

Value at Risk (VaR) is a quantitative measure used to evaluate the risk linked to the potential loss of investment or capital. Estimation of the VaR entails the quantification of prospective losses in a portfolio of investments, using a…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-10-01 Minglian Lin , Indranil SenGupta , William Wilson

While maximizing expected return is the goal in most reinforcement learning approaches, risk-sensitive objectives such as conditional value at risk (CVaR) are more suitable for many high-stakes applications. However, relatively little is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ramtin Keramati , Christoph Dann , Alex Tamkin , Emma Brunskill

We consider the problem of estimating the Optimized Certainty Equivalent (OCE) risk from independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) samples. For the classic sample average approximation (SAA) of OCE, we derive mean-squared error as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Ayon Ghosh , L. A. Prashanth , Krishna Jagannathan

We consider a class of chance-constrained programs in which profit needs to be maximized while enforcing that a given adverse event remains rare. Using techniques from large deviations and extreme value theory, we show how the optimal value…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Jose Blanchet , Joost Jorritsma , Bert Zwart

We study risk-sensitive planning under partial observability using the dynamic risk measure Iterated Conditional Value-at-Risk (ICVaR). A policy evaluation algorithm for ICVaR is developed with finite-time performance guarantees that do not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yaacov Pariente , Vadim Indelman

This paper focuses on the class of routing games that have uncertain costs. Assuming that agents are risk-averse and select paths with minimum conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) associated to them, we define the notion of CVaR-based Wardrop…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-10 Ashish Cherukuri

We introduce the Value-at-Risk Constrained Policy Optimization algorithm (VaR-CPO), a sample efficient and conservative method designed to optimize Value-at-Risk (VaR) constrained reinforcement learning (RL) problems. Empirically, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Rohan Tangri , Jan-Peter Calliess

Considering non-stationary environments in online optimization enables decision-maker to effectively adapt to changes and improve its performance over time. In such cases, it is favorable to adopt a strategy that minimizes the negative…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-05 Siyi Wang , Zifan Wang , Xinlei Yi , Michael M. Zavlanos , Karl H. Johansson , Sandra Hirche

Measuring risk is at the center of modern financial risk management. As the world economy is becoming more complex and standard modeling assumptions are violated, the advanced artificial intelligence solutions may provide the right tools to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Hamidreza Arian , Mehrdad Moghimi , Ehsan Tabatabaei , Shiva Zamani

Obtaining guarantees on the convergence of the minimizers of empirical risks to the ones of the true risk is a fundamental matter in statistical learning. Instead of deriving guarantees on the usual estimation error, the goal of this paper…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Paul Escande

In safety-critical applications of reinforcement learning such as healthcare and robotics, it is often desirable to optimize risk-sensitive objectives that account for tail outcomes rather than expected reward. We prove the first regret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 O. Bastani , Y. J. Ma , E. Shen , W. Xu

In this paper we discuss a general methodology to compute the market risk measure over long time horizons and at extreme percentiles, which are the typical conditions needed for estimating Economic Capital. The proposed approach extends the…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2014-08-12 Luca Spadafora , Marco Dubrovich , Marcello Terraneo

${\rm CoVaR}$ is one of the most important measures of financial systemic risks. It is defined as the risk of a financial portfolio conditional on another financial portfolio being at risk. In this paper we first develop a Monte-Carlo…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-10-13 Weihuan Huang , Nifei Lin , L. Jeff Hong

In this paper, we investigate risk measures such as value at risk (VaR) and the conditional tail expectation (CTE) of the extreme (maximum and minimum) and the aggregate (total) of two dependent risks. In finance, insurance and the other…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-02-01 Suman Thapa , Yiqiang Q. Zhao

In this paper a class of combinatorial optimization problems is discussed. It is assumed that a solution can be constructed in two stages. The current first-stage costs are precisely known, while the future second-stage costs are only known…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Marc Goerigk , Adam Kasperski , Pawel Zielinski

Under the framework of dynamic conditional score, we propose a parametric forecasting model for Value-at-Risk based on the normal inverse Gaussian distribution (Hereinafter NIG-DCS-VaR), which creatively incorporates intraday information…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-10-07 Shijia Song , Handong Li