Related papers: X-ray imaging non-destructively identifies functio…

Off-axis X-ray holography is a lensless imaging technique that allows unambiguous retrieval of an object's exit-wave function with high fidelity. It has been used with great success to study nanoscale phenomena and spatio-temporal dynamics…

Nonlinear processes lie at the heart of many technologies such as frequency converters and entangled photon sources. Historically, observation and manipulation of these processes, for instance through nanostructures, has been limited to…

Crystallography, the primary method for determining the three-dimensional (3D) atomic positions in crystals, has been fundamental to the development of many fields of science. However, the atomic positions obtained from crystallography…

The crystallographic texture is a key organization feature of many technical and biological materials. In these materials, especially hierarchically structured ones, the preferential alignment of the nano constituents is heavily influencing…

Dark-field X-ray microscopy is a new full-field imaging technique that nondestructively maps the structure and local strain inside deeply embedded crystalline elements in three dimensions. Placing an objective lens in the diffracted beam…

The routine atomic-resolution structure determination of single particles is expected to have profound implications for probing the structure-function relationship in systems ranging from energy materials to biological molecules.…

In a comprehensive study on several samples we demonstrate for our laboratory-based computed tomography system resolutions down to 150nm. The achieved resolution is validated by imaging com-mon test structures in 2D and Fourier Shell…

Methods for resolving the 3D microstructure of the brain typically start by thinly slicing and staining the brain, and then imaging each individual section with visible light photons or electrons. In contrast, X-rays can be used to image…

Modern technology for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray laser pulses provides the possibility to acquire a large number of diffraction patterns from individual biological nanoparticles, including proteins, viruses, and DNA.…

Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and ptychography have become mature tools for high-resolution, element-specific imaging of nanoscale structures. However, transmission geometries impose stringent constraints on sample thickness and…

Nanostructuring hard optical crystals has so far been exclusively feasible at their surface, as stress induced crack formation and propagation has rendered high precision volume processes ineffective. We show that the inner chemical etching…

Circular dichroism spectroscopy is an essential technique for understanding molecular structure and magnetic materials, but spatial resolution is limited by the wavelength of light, and sensitivity sufficient for single-molecule…

In this paper we analyze theoretically how the introduction of the third component into the two-dimensional photonic crystal influences the photonic band structure and the density-of-states of the system. We consider the periodic array of…

Dark-field X-ray imaging visualizes structural inhomogeneities through small-angle scattering, but existing directional methods are confined to the micrometer scale. While recent advances have extended dark-field capabilities to nanoscale…

Optical images of transparent three-dimensional objects can be different from a replica of the object's cross section in the image plane due to refraction at the surface or in the body of the object. Simulations of the object's image are…

X-ray single particle imaging involves the measurement of a large number of noisy diffraction patterns of isolated objects in random orientations. The missing information about these patterns is then computationally recovered in order to…

A structural understanding of whole cells in three dimensions at high spatial resolution remains a significant challenge and, in the case of X-rays, has been limited by radiation damage. By alleviating this limitation, cryogenic coherent…

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a potent technique for the determination of three-dimensional atomic scale structure of samples in structural biology and materials science. In structural biology, three-dimensional structures of…

Since Perutz, Kendrew and colleagues unveiled the structure of hemoglobin and myoglobin based on X-ray diffraction analysis in the 1950s, X-ray crystallography has become the primary methodology used to determine the 3D structure of…

Established x-ray diffraction methods allow for high-resolution structure determination of crystals, crystallized protein structures or even single molecules. While these techniques rely on coherent scattering, incoherent processes like…