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Character-based neural models have recently proven very useful for many NLP tasks. However, there is a gap of sophistication between methods for learning representations of sentences and words. While most character models for learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Yingwei Xin , Ethan Hart , Vibhuti Mahajan , Jean-David Ruvini

Distributed representations of words, better known as word embeddings, have become important building blocks for natural language processing tasks. Numerous studies are devoted to transferring the success of unsupervised word embeddings to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Tianlin Liu , João Sedoc , Lyle Ungar

Conversational speech, while being unstructured at an utterance level, typically has a macro topic which provides larger context spanning multiple utterances. The current language models in speech recognition systems using recurrent neural…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Srikanth Raj Chetupalli , Sriram Ganapathy

While state-of-the-art Text-to-Speech systems can generate natural speech of very high quality at sentence level, they still meet great challenges in speech generation for paragraph / long-form reading. Such deficiencies are due to i)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yujia Xiao , Shaofei Zhang , Xi Wang , Xu Tan , Lei He , Sheng Zhao , Frank K. Soong , Tan Lee

Sentence embeddings encode natural language sentences as low-dimensional dense vectors. A great deal of effort has been put into using sentence embeddings to improve several important natural language processing tasks. Relation extraction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Alexander Kalinowski , Yuan An

Structured embedding transformations offer a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency and coherence of language model inference. The introduction of Structural Embedding Projection (SEP) provides a mechanism for refining token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Vincent Enoasmo , Cedric Featherstonehaugh , Xavier Konstantinopoulos , Zacharias Huntington

Neural network-based language models deal with data sparsity problems by mapping the large discrete space of words into a smaller continuous space of real-valued vectors. By learning distributed vector representations for words, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Davide Nunes , Luis Antunes

Unsupervised text embeddings extraction is crucial for text understanding in machine learning. Word2Vec and its variants have received substantial success in mapping words with similar syntactic or semantic meaning to vectors close to each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Furong Huang , Animashree Anandkumar

Semantic matching is of central importance to many natural language tasks \cite{bordes2014semantic,RetrievalQA}. A successful matching algorithm needs to adequately model the internal structures of language objects and the interaction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-12 Baotian Hu , Zhengdong Lu , Hang Li , Qingcai Chen

Vector representation of sentences is important for many text processing tasks that involve clustering, classifying, or ranking sentences. Recently, distributed representation of sentences learned by neural models from unlabeled data has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Tanay Kumar Saha , Shafiq Joty , Naeemul Hassan , Mohammad Al Hasan

Unconstrained text recognition is an important computer vision task, featuring a wide variety of different sub-tasks, each with its own set of challenges. One of the biggest promises of deep neural networks has been the convergence and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Mohamed Yousef , Khaled F. Hussain , Usama S. Mohammed

A lot of work has been done in the field of image compression via machine learning, but not much attention has been given to the compression of natural language. Compressing text into lossless representations while making features easily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Gabriele Prato , Mathieu Duchesneau , Sarath Chandar , Alain Tapp

In the field of natural language processing (NLP), continuous vector representations are crucial for capturing the semantic meanings of individual words. Yet, when it comes to the representations of sets of words, the conventional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Yoichi Ishibashi , Sho Yokoi , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

Representing structured text from complex documents typically calls for different machine learning techniques, such as language models for paragraphs and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for table extraction, which prohibits drawing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Thomas Roland Barillot , Jacob Saks , Polena Lilyanova , Edward Torgas , Yachen Hu , Yuanqing Liu , Varun Balupuri , Paul Gaskell

Word embeddings are a powerful approach for analyzing language and have been widely popular in numerous tasks in information retrieval and text mining. Training embeddings over huge corpora is computationally expensive because the input is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Avishek Anand , Megha Khosla , Jaspreet Singh , Jan-Hendrik Zab , Zijian Zhang

ELMo embeddings (Peters et. al, 2018) had a huge impact on the NLP community and may recent publications use these embeddings to boost the performance for downstream NLP tasks. However, integration of ELMo embeddings in existent NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Nils Reimers , Iryna Gurevych

Semantic sentence embedding models encode natural language sentences into vectors, such that closeness in embedding space indicates closeness in the semantics between the sentences. Bilingual data offers a useful signal for learning such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-20 John Wieting , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Word embedding methods revolve around learning continuous distributed vector representations of words with neural networks, which can capture semantic and/or syntactic cues, and in turn be used to induce similarity measures among words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Kuan-Yu Chen , Shih-Hung Liu , Berlin Chen , Hsin-Min Wang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Fine-tuning LLM-based text embedders via contrastive learning maps inputs and outputs into a new representational space, discarding the LLM's output semantics. We propose LLM2Vec-Gen, a self-supervised alternative that instead produces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Parishad BehnamGhader , Vaibhav Adlakha , Fabian David Schmidt , Nicolas Chapados , Marius Mosbach , Siva Reddy

Expressive text encoders such as RNNs and Transformer Networks have been at the center of NLP models in recent work. Most of the effort has focused on sentence-level tasks, capturing the dependencies between words in a single sentence, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Manuel Widmoser , Maria Leonor Pacheco , Jean Honorio , Dan Goldwasser