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Website fingerprinting enables an attacker to infer which web page a client is browsing through encrypted or anonymized network connections. We present a new website fingerprinting technique based on random decision forests and evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Jamie Hayes , George Danezis

Tor provides anonymity to millions of users around the globe which has made it a valuable target for malicious actors. As a low-latency anonymity system, it is vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks from strong passive adversaries such…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Gabriel Karl Gegenhuber , Markus Maier , Florian Holzbauer , Wilfried Mayer , Georg Merzdovnik , Edgar Weippl , Johanna Ullrich

For journalists reporting from a totalitarian regime, whistleblowers and resistance fighters, the anonymous use of cloud services on the Internet can be vital for survival. The Tor network provides a free and widely used anonymization…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Pitpimon Choorod , Tobias J. Bauer , Andreas Aßmuth

Tor hidden services allow running Internet services while protecting the location of the servers. Their main purpose is to enable freedom of speech even in situations in which powerful adversaries try to suppress it. However, providing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Alex Biryukov , Ivan Pustogarov , Fabrice Thill , Ralf-Philipp Weinmann

While anonymity networks such as Tor provide invaluable privacy guarantees to society, they also enable all kinds of criminal activities. Consequently, many blameless citizens shy away from protecting their privacy using such technology for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Eric Wagner , Roman Matzutt , Martin Henze

Tor is vulnerable to network-level adversaries who can observe both ends of the communication to deanonymize users. Recent work has shown that Tor is susceptible to the previously unknown active BGP routing attacks, called RAPTOR attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Yixin Sun , Anne Edmundson , Nick Feamster , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

Privacy of users in P2P networks goes far beyond their current usage and is a fundamental requirement to the adoption of P2P protocols for legal usage. In a climate of cold war between these users and anti-piracy groups, more and more users…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-04-12 Pere Manils , Chaabane Abdelberri , Stevens Le Blond , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Claude Castelluccia , Arnaud Legout , Walid Dabbous

Low-latency anonymity networks such as Tor remain vulnerable to infrastructure-level traffic analysis that exploits side-channel information observable from encrypted communications. We introduce NATA, a non-invasive active…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zilve Fan , Zijian Zhang , Yangnan Guo , Jiaqi Gao , Zhen Li , Mengyu Wang , Chengxiang Si , Liehuang Zhu

Tor provides low-latency anonymous and uncensored network access against a local or network adversary. Due to the design choice to minimize traffic overhead (and increase the pool of potential users) Tor allows some information about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Shuai Li , Huajun Guo , Nicholas Hopper

Modern low-latency anonymity systems, no matter whether constructed as an overlay or implemented at the network layer, offer limited security guarantees against traffic analysis. On the other hand, high-latency anonymity systems offer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-26 Chen Chen , Daniele E. Asoni , Adrian Perrig , David Barrera , George Danezis , Carmela Troncoso

Ever since the introduction of the internet, it has been void of any privacy. The majority of internet traffic currently is and always has been unencrypted. A number of anonymous communication overlay networks exist whose aim it is to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-04-21 Rolf Jagerman , Wendo Sabée , Laurens Versluis , Martijn de Vos , Johan Pouwelse

With the rapid increase of threats on the Internet, people are continuously seeking privacy and anonymity. Services such as Bitcoin and Tor were introduced to provide anonymity for online transactions and Web browsing. Due to its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Husam Al Jawaheri , Mashael Al Sabah , Yazan Boshmaf , Aiman Erbad

The Tor anonymous network has become quite popular with regular users on the Internet. In the Tor network, an anonymous path is created by selecting three relays through which the connection is redirected. Nevertheless, as the number of Tor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Sadegh Momeni Milajerdi , Mehdi Kharrazi

Tor is an anonymity network that allows offering and accessing various kinds of resources, known as hidden services, while guaranteeing sender and receiver anonymity. The Tor web is the set of web resources that exist on the Tor network,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Massimo Bernaschi , Alessandro Celestini , Marco Cianfriglia , Stefano Guarino , Flavio Lombardi , Enrico Mastrostefano

The use of anonymity-based infrastructures and anonymisers is a plausible solution to mitigate privacy problems on the Internet. Tor (short for The onion router) is a popular low-latency anonymity system that can be installed as an end-user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-21 Sergio Castillo-Perez , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro

Tor, a widely utilized privacy network, enables anonymous communication but is vulnerable to flow correlation attacks that deanonymize users by correlating traffic patterns from Tor's ingress and egress segments. Various defenses have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Minjae Seo , Myoungsung You , Jaehan Kim , Taejune Park , Seungwon Shin , Jinwoo Kim

Anonymous data collection systems allow users to contribute the data necessary to build services and applications while preserving their privacy. Anonymity, however, can be abused by malicious agents aiming to subvert or to sabotage the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Alex Catarineu , Philipp Claßen , Konark Modi , Josep M. Pujol

Privacy technologies have become extremely prevalent in recent years from secure communication channels to the Tor network. These technologies were designed to provide privacy and security for users, but these ideals have also led to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Craig Ellis

Website fingerprinting attack is an extensively studied technique used in a web browser to analyze traffic patterns and thus infer confidential information about users. Several website fingerprinting attacks based on machine learning and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Guodong Huang , Chuan Ma , Ming Ding , Yuwen Qian , Chunpeng Ge , Liming Fang , Zhe Liu

Website fingerprinting attacks, which use statistical analysis on network traffic to compromise user privacy, have been shown to be effective even if the traffic is sent over anonymity-preserving networks such as Tor. The classical attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Anatoly Shusterman , Lachlan Kang , Yarden Haskal , Yosef Meltser , Prateek Mittal , Yossi Oren , Yuval Yarom