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In this paper, we propose novel quaternion activation functions where we modify either the quaternion magnitude or the phase, as an alternative to the commonly used split activation functions. We define criteria that are relevant for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Johannes Pöppelbaum , Andreas Schwung

Background: Deep neural networks have proven to be powerful computational tools for modeling, prediction, and generation. However, the workings of these models have generally been opaque. Recent work has shown that the performance of some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Andrew S. Nencka , L. Tugan Muftuler , Peter LaViolette , Kevin M. Koch

Neural networks have shown tremendous growth in recent years to solve numerous problems. Various types of neural networks have been introduced to deal with different types of problems. However, the main goal of any neural network is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Shiv Ram Dubey , Satish Kumar Singh , Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri

Activation functions play a decisive role in determining the capacity of Deep Neural Networks as they enable neural networks to capture inherent nonlinearities present in data fed to them. The prior research on activation functions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jamshaid Ul Rahman , Faiza Makhdoom , Dianchen Lu

In the current research of neural networks, the activation function is manually specified by human and not able to change themselves during training. This paper focus on how to make the activation function trainable for deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Zhaohe Liao

In the last decade, an active area of research has been devoted to design novel activation functions that are able to help deep neural networks to converge, obtaining better performance. The training procedure of these architectures usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Franco Manessi , Alessandro Rozza

To enhance the nonlinearity of neural networks and increase their mapping abilities between the inputs and response variables, activation functions play a crucial role to model more complex relationships and patterns in the data. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Haigen Hu , Aizhu Liu , Qiu Guan , Xiaoxin Li , Shengyong Chen , Qianwei Zhou

Activation functions play a pivotal role in the function learning using neural networks. The non-linearity in the learned function is achieved by repeated use of the activation function. Over the years, numerous activation functions have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Koushik Biswas , Sandeep Kumar , Shilpak Banerjee , Ashish Kumar Pandey

While neural networks are used for classification tasks across domains, a long-standing open problem in machine learning is determining whether neural networks trained using standard procedures are optimal for classification, i.e., whether…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan , Mikhail Belkin , Caroline Uhler

Catastrophic forgetting has remained a significant challenge for efficient reinforcement learning for decades (Ring 1994, Rivest and Precup 2003). While recent works have proposed effective methods to mitigate this issue, they mainly focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Qingfeng Lan , Gautham Vasan , A. Rupam Mahmood

Activation Functions introduce non-linearity in the deep neural networks. This nonlinearity helps the neural networks learn faster and efficiently from the dataset. In deep learning, many activation functions are developed and used based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ravin Kumar

Many neural network architectures rely on the choice of the activation function for each hidden layer. Given the activation function, the neural network is trained over the bias and the weight parameters. The bias catches the center of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Farnoush Farhadi , Vahid Partovi Nia , Andrea Lodi

Activation functions play an essential role in neural networks. They provide the non-linearity for the networks. Therefore, their properties are important for neural networks' accuracy and running performance. In this paper, we present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Yuanhao Gong

This work presents an adaptive activation method for neural networks that exploits the interdependency of features. Each pixel, node, and layer is assigned with a polynomial activation function, whose coefficients are provided by an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Jinhyeok Jang , Jaehong Kim , Jaeyeon Lee , Seungjoon Yang

Artificial neural networks typically have a fixed, non-linear activation function at each neuron. We have designed a novel form of piecewise linear activation function that is learned independently for each neuron using gradient descent.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-04-22 Forest Agostinelli , Matthew Hoffman , Peter Sadowski , Pierre Baldi

We present a deep learning architecture for learning fuzzy logic expressions. Our model uses an innovative, parameterized, differentiable activation function that can learn a number of logical operations by gradient descent. This activation…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Luke B. Godfrey , Michael S. Gashler

In this study, SoftReMish, a new activation function designed to improve the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image classification tasks, is proposed. Using the MNIST dataset, a standard CNN architecture consisting of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Mustafa Bayram Gücen

Neural networks are becoming central in several areas of computer vision and image processing and different architectures have been proposed to solve specific problems. The impact of the loss layer of neural networks, however, has not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Hang Zhao , Orazio Gallo , Iuri Frosio , Jan Kautz

Researchers have proposed various activation functions. These activation functions help the deep network to learn non-linear behavior with a significant effect on training dynamics and task performance. The performance of these activations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Pravendra Singh , Munender Varshney , Vinay P. Namboodiri

Today's most powerful machine learning approaches are typically designed to train stateless architectures with predefined layers and differentiable activation functions. While these approaches have led to unprecedented successes in areas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Alexander Grushin