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Related papers: Code-Switching Detection with Data-Augmented Acous…

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In this paper, we describe several techniques for improving the acoustic and language model of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system operating on code-switching (CS) speech. We focus on the recognition of Frisian-Dutch radio…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Emre Yılmaz , Henk van den Heuvel , David A. van Leeuwen

In the FAME! Project, a code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for Frisian-Dutch speech is developed that can accurately transcribe the local broadcaster's bilingual archives with CS speech. This archive contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Emre Yılmaz , Samuel Cohen , Xianghu Yue , David van Leeuwen , Haizhou Li

Code-switching (CS) detection refers to the automatic detection of language switches in code-mixed utterances. This task can be achieved by using a CS automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that can handle such language switches. In our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Qinyi Wang , Emre Yılmaz , Adem Derinel , Haizhou Li

In the FAME! project, we aim to develop an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for Frisian-Dutch code-switching (CS) speech extracted from the archives of a local broadcaster with the ultimate goal of building a spoken document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Emre Yılmaz , Mitchell McLaren , Henk van den Heuvel , David A. van Leeuwen

Code-switching (CS) phenomenon occurs when words or phrases from different languages are alternated in a single sentence. Due to data scarcity, building an effective CS Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system remains challenging. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Yu Xi , Wen Ding , Kai Yu , Junjie Lai

Code-switching automatic speech recognition (CS-ASR) presents unique challenges due to language confusion introduced by spontaneous intra-sentence switching and accent bias that blurs the phonetic boundaries. Although the constituent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Hexin Liu , Haoyang Zhang , Qiquan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang , Dongyuan Shi , Eng Siong Chng , Haizhou Li

The pervasiveness of intra-utterance code-switching (CS) in spoken content requires that speech recognition (ASR) systems handle mixed language. Designing a CS-ASR system has many challenges, mainly due to data scarcity, grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Amir Hussein , Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Ahmed Abdelali , Najim Dehak , Ahmed Ali , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Code-Switching (CS) multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models can transcribe speech containing two or more alternating languages during a conversation. This paper proposes (1) a new method for creating code-switching ASR…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Kunal Dhawan , Dima Rekesh , Boris Ginsburg

Recently, there has been significant progress made in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) of code-switched speech, leading to gains in accuracy on code-switched datasets in many language pairs. Code-switched speech co-occurs with monolingual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-02 Sanket Shah , Basil Abraham , Gurunath Reddy M , Sunayana Sitaram , Vikas Joshi

Code-switching (CS), defined as the mixing of languages in conversations, has become a worldwide phenomenon. The prevalence of CS has been recently met with a growing demand and interest to build CS ASR systems. In this paper, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Injy Hamed , Pavel Denisov , Chia-Yu Li , Mohamed Elmahdy , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu

Despite the significant progress in end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR), E2E ASR for low resourced code-switching (CS) speech has not been well studied. In this work, we describe an E2E ASR pipeline for the recognition of CS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Xianghu Yue , Grandee Lee , Emre Yılmaz , Fang Deng , Haizhou Li

Code-switching (CS) refers to the phenomenon that languages switch within a speech signal and leads to language confusion for automatic speech recognition (ASR). This paper aims to address language confusion for improving CS-ASR from two…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-27 Hexin Liu , Haihua Xu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Andy W. H. Khong , Yi He , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Recently, large pre-trained multilingual speech models have shown potential in scaling Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) to many low-resource languages. Some of these models employ language adapters in their formulation, which helps to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Atharva Kulkarni , Ajinkya Kulkarni , Miguel Couceiro , Hanan Aldarmaki

Code-Switching (CS) is referred to the phenomenon of alternately using words and phrases from different languages. While today's neural end-to-end (E2E) models deliver state-of-the-art performances on the task of automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Enes Yavuz Ugan , Christian Huber , Juan Hussain , Alexander Waibel

Code-switching (CS) occurs when a speaker alternates words of two or more languages within a single sentence or across sentences. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) of CS speech has to deal with two or more languages at the same time. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-19 Xinyuan Zhou , Emre Yılmaz , Yanhua Long , Yijie Li , Haizhou Li

We focus on the problem of language modeling for code-switched language, in the context of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Language modeling for code-switched language is challenging for (at least) three reasons: (1) lack of available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Hila Gonen , Yoav Goldberg

Code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR) faces challenges due to the language confusion resulting from accents, auditory similarity, and seamless language switches. Adaptation on the pre-trained multi-lingual model has shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Jiahui Zhao , Hao Shi , Chenrui Cui , Tianrui Wang , Hexin Liu , Zhaoheng Ni , Lingxuan Ye , Longbiao Wang

In this paper, we present our initial efforts for building a code-switching (CS) speech recognition system leveraging existing acoustic models (AMs) and language models (LMs), i.e., no training required, and specifically targeting…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-03 Zhen Huang , Xiaodan Zhuang , Daben Liu , Xiaoqiang Xiao , Yuchen Zhang , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi

Code-switching (CS) refers to the switching of languages within a speech signal and results in language confusion for automatic speech recognition (ASR). To address language confusion, we propose a language alignment loss (LAL) that aligns…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Hexin Liu , Xiangyu Zhang , Haoyang Zhang , Leibny Paola Garcia , Andy W. H. Khong , Eng Siong Chng , Shinji Watanabe

Code-switching in automatic speech recognition (ASR) is an important challenge due to globalization. Recent research in multilingual ASR shows potential improvement over monolingual systems. We study key issues related to multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Ahmed Ali , Shammur Chowdhury , Amir Hussein , Yasser Hifny
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